Marine connection between Caspian Sea and Arctic Ocean, 62, 219-231 mollusca, distribution of, 236 origin of boulder-clay, 82-86, 228-230
Marine shells above sea-level, 127-128 transgression in Northern Russia, 172
_Meles_, 43 _albogularis_, 44 _anakuma_, 44 _leucurus_, 44 _maraghanus_, 44 _polaki_, 44 _taxus_, 43
_Melitæa asteria_, 325 _cynthia_, 325 _maturna_, 325
_Microtus_, 313 _brecciensis_, 314 _leucurus_, 314 _nivalis_, 313
Migrations, 8-9 cause of, 208 of British shore-forms, 124
Migration from Asia to Europe by North America, 327
Migration on ice-bridge, 108 waves of, 204-206
Mingling of Southern and Northern Mammals, 72-75, 209
Miocene geography, 274-276 temperature in Greenland, 146
_Molge alpestris_, 320 _cristata_, 320 _montana_, 320 _palmata_, 320 _rusconii_, 320 _vulgaris_, 319
Molluscan fauna, divisions of British, 102 Madeira, 25 Porto Santo, 25
_Motacilla_, 254, 292 _alba_, 292 _borealis_, 255 _campestris_, 254 _lugubris_, 292 _melanope_, 254
_Mustela africana_, 279 _boccamela_, 279 _erminea_, 135-136 _putorius_, 190
_Mysis caspica_, 223 _micropthalma_, 223 _relicta_, 179, 223
Nehring, A., 96, 107, 119, 196, 208-211, 340
New Siberian Islands, origin of bone-beds, 219 extinct fauna of, 218
North American marine mollusca in crag deposits, 173
_Parnassius_, 265-266, 324 _Apollo_, 265, 324 _delius_, 324 _mnemosyne_, 324 _Nordmanni_, 324
_Pezotettix_, 329-330 _alpinus_, 329 _pedestris_, 329
_Phasianus_, 256-257 _colchicus_, 31, 257
Plants, American, in Ireland, 166 as tests of climate, 75-80 migration of, 34
Pleistocene climate of Asia, 210, 214-215 Europe, climate in, 208-209 fauna, northern and southern animals in, 72-75 mollusca, 211-213
Pliocene deposits of Sicily, 277 geography, 276-277
Polar Bear, 134 Fox, range of, 135, 149 origin of animals, 147
_Psammodromus algirus_, 295 _hispanicus_, 295
_Pupa_, 297-298 _anglica_, 298 _granum_, 297 _ringens_, 102
_Pyrrhula_, 191, 255 _europæa_, 191, 256 _major_, 191, 256
_Regulus ignicapillus_, 257 _maderensis_, 257 _teneriffæ_, 257
Reindeer, range and varieties of, 91, 133, 149-158
Route of migration of Siberian mammals, 210
Russia, marine transgression in, 172 submergence of North, 155
_Salamandra atra_, 319 _caucasica_, 319 _maculosa_, 319