The Internationalist Communist Party (, PCI) was a Trotskyist political party in France. It was the name taken by the French Section of the Fourth International from its foundation until a name change in the late 1960s.
Creation
The Internationalist Communist Party was created in March 1944 by the merger of several Trotskyist groups, representing around 500 militants, in particular: the Internationalist Workers Party of Yvan Craipeau, Roumain Spoulber and Marcel Gibelin; the Internationalist Communist Committee of Rodolphe Prager and Jacques Grinblat, alias Privas; the October Group of Henri Molinier, Raymond Molinier's brother.
The negotiations were prepared by the Greek Michel Raptis, alias "Pablo".
The UCI (Union Communiste Internationaliste, or Barta Group) refused to merge with the other Trotskyists, and later gave birth to Lutte Ouvrière.
The name chosen, Internationalist Communist Party, took up that of a French Trotskyist party created by Raymond Molinier and Pierre Frank in March 1936, which published the newspaper La Commune. This party had opposed the "official" section (recognized by Leon Trotsky), the Internationalist Workers Party of Jean Rous and Yvan Craipeau and had been described by the Trotskyist press as "anti-Trotskyist". Pierre Lambert was one of its militants from 1937. This small group had an ephemeral existence, effectively disappearing at the start of World War II. However, in May 1942, a representative of the Paris section met in the free zone members of the group of Austrian Communist Revolutionaries in exile in France.
Splits and departures
Following the Liberation of France, the PCI had expectations of rapid growth and for a time did expand, but that growth was soon ended when a majority of the organisation broke away when a projected fusion with the Socialist Youth federation of the Seine failed to materialise. The PCI very quickly found subjects of tension around the role of the new party and on the nature of the Soviet Union. It underwent several splits during its history, sometimes in the form of simple departures of personalities.
The 1945 split: David Rousset joins Sartre
In 1945, David Rousset left the PCI to form with Jean-Paul Sartre, in 1948, the Revolutionary Democratic Rally (RDR).
The 1947 split: Castoriadis and Lefort
In 1947, the Socialism or Barbarism tendency (Cornelius Castoriadis, Claude Lefort) left the party to move towards councilist positions, considering the Soviet Union to be state capitalist and not as a "degenerated workers' state" (a strategic question in the report to the French Communist Party).
The 1948 split: Yvan Craipeau
In 1948, Yvan Craipeau's tendency was excluded. The latter would later become president of the Federation of the Alpes-Maritimes of the PSU, other members of this tendency such as Jean-René Chauvin, joined the RDR and were excluded on the grounds of this dual membership.
The 1952 split
In 1952, the majority was excluded from the PCI by the minority of Pierre Frank and Michèle Mestre: these militants refused entry into the interior of the Stalinist parties, then advocated by the Fourth International which considered that the victory of the Stalinist bureaucracy was imminent. The small party then split into two rival groups both of which continued to use the same name.
The official PCI supported the International Secretariat of the Fourth International, and became the French section of the reunified Fourth International in 1963. Its leaders included Pierre Frank. It merged in 1969 with the Revolutionary Communist Youth (JCR) to become the Ligue Communiste, which was re-established in 1974 as the Revolutionary Communist League. The other PCI supported the International Committee of the Fourth International until 1971. It was led by Pierre Lambert. In 1967, that organisation renamed itself the Internationalist Communist Organisation (OCI).