Range.--North America; breeds from Maine, Iowa, and British Columbia northward; winters from southern limit of breeding range to West Indies and Mexico.

=167. Ruddy Duck= (_Erismatura jamaicensis_). L. 15. Tail-feathers narrow and stiff; bill short (1.5) and broad. _Ad._ [Male]. Cheeks white, cap black, back reddish brown. _Ad._ [Female]. A whitish streak through dusky cheeks; back grayish brown with fine buffy bars; belly silvery whitish. _Yng._ [Male]. Similar, but cheeks all white or whitish.

Color Key to North American Birds — Part 52

Range.--Western hemisphere from northern South America to Hudson Bay; breeds locally throughout its range, but chiefly northward; winters from New Jersey, southern Illinois and California southward.

Color Key to North American Birds — Part 52

=168. Masked Duck= (_Nomonyx dominicus_). L. 14. Tail-feathers long, (4.5) narrow, stiff and pointed. _Ad._ [Male]. Front of head black; behind it reddish brown all around; white in wing. _Ad._ [Female]. A brownish streak through eye: buffy streaks above and below it; back blackish regularly _barred_ with buff; below washed with rusty.

Color Key to North American Birds — Part 52

Range--Tropical America north to Lower Rio Grande; accidental in Wisconsin, Lake Champlain, and Massachusetts.

=154. Old-squaw= (_Harelda hyemalis_). L. [Male], 21; [Female], 16; T. [Male], 8; [Female], 2.5. No colored speculum. _Ad._ [Male]. Central tail-feathers much lengthened; in winter, crown, nape, throat, and neck all around white. In summer, black, with rusty markings on back. _Ad._ [Female]. winter. Cheeks, neck all around, and underparts white; breast and sides of neck dusky. In summer, crown, cheeks and nape blackish, throat and breast dusky; a whitish patch back of eye. _Notes._ In spring, a rich, musical _a-leedle-a_, frequently repeated in deep, reed-like tones. (Nelson.) Also "_o-onc-o-onc-ough-egh-ough-egh_." (Mackay.)

Range.--Northern hemisphere; breeds from northern Labrador and Aleutian Islands north to Arctic Ocean; winters south to Virginia, Upper Mississippi Valley, and California, "rarely to Florida and Texas."

=155. Harlequin Duck= (_Histrionicus histrionicus_). L. 17. _Ad._ [Male]. Back and breast slaty blue; head darker. _Ad._ [Female]. Front half of cheeks and spot over ears whitish, above blackish brown; below dusky and whitish. _Notes._ "A confusion of low gabbling and chattering notes." (Nelson.)