[185-1] Catlin, _Letters and Notes_, Letter 22.
[185-2] Journal of Capt. Johnson, in Emory, _Reconnoissance of New Mexico_, p. 601.
[185-3] M. De Charency, in the _Revue Américaine_, ii. p. 317. _Tupa_ it may be observed means in Quichua, lord, or royal. Father Holguin gives as an example _â tupa Dios_, O Lord God (_Vocabulario Quichua_, p. 348: Ciudad de los Reyes, 1608). In the Quiché dialects _tepeu_ is one of the common appellations of divinity and is also translated lord or ruler. We are not yet sufficiently advanced in the study of American philology to draw any inference from these resemblances, but they should not be overlooked.
[187-1] Cortes, _Carta Primera_, pp. 113, 114.
[188-1] Sahagun, _Hist. de la Nueva España_, lib. xii. caps. 2, 3.
[188-2] La Vega, _Hist. des Incas_, lib. ix. cap. 15.
[188-3] Peter Martyr, _De Reb. Oceanicis_, Dec. iii. lib. vii.
[189-1] Lizana, _Hist. de Nuestra Señora de Itzamal_, lib. ii. cap. i. in Brasseur, _Hist. du Mexique_, ii. p. 605. The prophecies are of the priest who bore the title--not name--_chilan balam_, and whose offices were those of divination and astrology. The verse claims to date from about 1450, and was very well known throughout Yucatan, so it is said. The number thirteen which in many of these prophecies is the supposed limit of the present order of things, is doubtless derived from the observation that thirteen moons complete one solar year.
[190-1] Squier, _Travels in Nicaragua_, ii. p. 35.
[191-1] Whipple, _Report on the Ind. Tribes_, p. 36. Emory, _Recon. of New Mexico_, p. 64. The latter adds that among the Pueblo Indians, the Apaches, and Navajos, the name of Montezuma is "as familiar as Washington to us." This is the more curious, as neither the Pueblo Indians nor either of the other tribes are in any way related to the Aztec race by language, as has been shown by Dr. Buschman, _Die Voelker und Sprachen Neu Mexico's_, p. 262.
[191-2] Humboldt, _Essay on New Spain_, bk. ii. chap. vi, Eng. trans.; _Ansichten der Natur_, ii. pp. 357, 386.
THE MYTHS OF THE CREATION, THE DELUGE, THE EPOCHS OF NATURE, AND THE LAST DAY.
Cosmogonies usually portray the action of the SPIRIT on the WATERS.--Those of the Muscogees, Athapascas, Quichés, Mixtecs, Iroquois, Algonkins, and others.--The Flood-Myth an unconscious attempt to reconcile a creation in time with the eternity of matter.--Proof of this from American mythology.--Characteristics of American Flood-Myths.--The person saved usually the first man.--The number seven.--Their Ararats.--The rôle of birds.--The confusion of tongues.--The Aztec, Quiché, Algonkin, Tupi, and earliest Sanscrit flood-myths.--The belief in Epochs of Nature a further result of this attempt at reconciliation.--Its forms among Peruvians, Mayas, and Aztecs.--The expectation of the End of the World a corollary of this belief.--Views of various nations.