Major-General Walter Edmond Clutterbuck (17 November 1894 – 2 February 1987) was a British Army officer who fought during both the First and Second World Wars.
Early life and military career
Born in Chippenham, Wiltshire, England, on 17 November 1894, the son of Hardenhuish squire Edmund Henry Clutterbuck and Madeline Charlotte Raikes, Walter Edmond Clutterbuck was educated at Cheltenham College and later entered the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, where, on 17 September 1913, he was commissioned into the Royal Scots Fusiliers of the British Army.
Shortly after the First World War began in August 1914, he was dispatched along with his battalion to England, where it became part of the 21st Brigade of the 7th Division, soon after the outbreak of war. The battalion arrived on the Western Front in October where it fought in the First Battle of Ypres and sustained very heavy casualties. Clutterbuck was promoted to the temporary rank of lieutenant on 31 October 1914 (made permanent in January 1915), and promoted to captain 20 March 1916. From 15 October 1915 he served as adjutant of the 1/10th Battalion, London Regiment, part of the 162nd (East Midland) Brigade of the 54th (East Anglian) Division, in Gallipoli, Egypt and Palestine, later becoming adjutant of the Suffolk Yeomanry, and finally becoming a brigade major with the 232nd Brigade. He ended the war having been awarded the Military Cross (with Bar), the Order of the Crown of Italy, was twice wounded in action and was mentioned in dispatches. His MC citation reads:
His older brother, David Clutterbuck, a lieutenant in the Royal Field Artillery, was not so fortunate, having been killed in action in May 1917.
In October 1919, after serving in Russia during the Russian Civil War, he married Gwendolin Atterbury Younger; they had one son and two daughters; Rosemary Imogen Atterbury, Michael Edmund Henry, born on 22 July 1920, and Ann Hope Madaline, born on 24 September 1922.
Between the wars
He spent most of the interwar period as a captain, being promoted to major on 8 November 1933, later serving as a brigade major with the 156th (Scottish Rifles) Brigade from 1 April 1935 until 11 March 1937. On 30 August 1939, he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and became Commanding Officer (CO) of the 1st Battalion, Royal Scots Fusiliers, then in Poona, India.
Second World War
With his battalion, he returned to the United Kingdom in July 1940, ten months after the outbreak of the Second World War, which soon became part of Brigadier Sir Oliver Leese's 29th Independent Infantry Brigade Group. In October he was promoted to the acting rank of brigadier and succeeded Brigadier Evelyn Barker in command of the 10th Infantry Brigade, part of the 4th Infantry Division, stationed in the United Kingdom in Southern England awaiting a German invasion.
On 18 November 1941 he was promoted to the general officer rank of acting major-general and became General Officer Commanding (GOC) of the 1st Infantry Division in succession to Major General Edwin Morris. The division was a Regular Army formation, with a few Territorial Army (TA) units, which, like the 4th Division, had fought in France in 1940 and had recently moved to East Anglia, serving under Lieutenant-General Kenneth Anderson's II Corps. On 3 February 1942 Clutterbuck's permanent rank was made colonel (with seniority backdated to 1 January). In June 1942 the division was converted into a 'mixed' division of two infantry brigades and one tank brigade, before reverting to a standard infantry division in November. On 18 November, a year after he was made an acting major-general, Clutterbuck's rank of major-general was made temporary, with his permanent rank still being colonel.