"Female.--Crest smaller than in the male; upper parts and upper breast brown; under parts dull white or pale ashy brown, and less clearly defined from the brown upper breast; flanks brown; speculum as in the male; inner secondaries glossed with green.
"Young in first plumage.--Closely resemble adult females, but paler brown, especially on chin and throat; no metallic green gloss on the innermost secondaries; many white feathers at base of bill.
"Males in first nuptial dress have white margins to the black feathers of the breast, a shorter crest, no green or purple gloss on the head, and a small white spot on the chin.
"'Males in molting plumage are intermediate in color between males in first plumage and males in first nuptial plumage.
"'Young in down are dark brown, shading into nearly white on the belly.' (Seebohm.)" (Salvadori.)
The tufted duck visits the Philippine Islands during the winter months and at times may be found in large numbers; from Laguna de Bay, many live ducks are brought to the Manila markets, the present species ranking next in numbers to the common Dendrocygna arcuata.
CORMORANTS, DARTERS, GANNETS, FRIGATE BIRDS, AND PELICANS.
Bill strong, either sharply pointed or hooked at tip; nostrils wanting or obsolete; neck moderate to very long; all the toes united by a web; chin naked and forming a more or less distensible pouch. Birds of large size, seagoing and fish-eating. The totipalmate feet and obsolete nostrils are the most obvious peculiarities of this order. [23] Eggs bluish or white, with a white chalky covering.
a1. Tail not forked; webs between toes entire or but slightly emarginate.
b1. Bill subcylindrical; gular pouch small.
c1. Bill strongly hooked. ... Phalacrocoracidæ (p. 200) c2. Bill sharply pointed.
d1. Neck longer than body; bill slender; culmen nearly straight. ... Anhingidæ (p. 202) d2. Neck about one-half as long as body; bill heavy; culmen decurved for terminal fourth. ... Sulidæ (p. 203)
b2. Bill greatly flattened, widened near tip; gular pouch very large. ... Pelecanidæ (p. 208)
a2. Tail deeply forked; webs between toes deeply incised. ... Fregatidæ (p. 206)
Bill long and heavy; basal portion of culmen slightly concave, tip strongly decurved and hooked; neck rather long; wings ample but not reaching beyond base of tail, the latter rather long, its feathers graduated and stiff; plumage largely black, at times partly white.