Ōtara is a suburb of South Auckland, New Zealand (formerly Manukau City), situated 18 kilometres to the southeast of the Auckland CBD. Ōtara lies near the head of the Tamaki River (actually an arm of the Hauraki Gulf), which extends south towards the Manukau Harbour. Contemporary Ōtara is surrounded by the suburbs of Papatoetoe, East Tāmaki, Clover Park and Flat Bush. The suburb is noted for its proportion of Māori and Pacific Islander residents, who make up 78% of the Ōtara population, and its unusually low number of European New Zealanders (Pākehā) residents (10%).
Etymology
Ōtara, meaning "The Place of Tara", is a shortened form of Ōtara Hill / Te Puke ō Tara, the volcanic hill previously found to the north of the suburb. The hill is either named for the Waiohua ancestor and taniwha of the Manukau Harbour, Tara-mai-nuku, or for the 19th century paramount chief of Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, Tara Te Irirangi. An earlier name applied to the area was Ngā Kopi o Toi ('The Karaka Berries of Toi'), named for a karaka grove said by tradition to have been brought to Tamaki from the Chatham Islands and planted in the vicinity of Greenmount by Toi-te-huatahi. During European settlement, the name Ōtara became associated with the area in the 1850s.
Geography
Ōtara is found in South Auckland at the south-eastern headlands of the Tāmaki River, primarily to the north-east of the Auckland Southern Motorway. The Ōtara Creek runs through the suburb, becoming a tidal estuary of the Tāmaki River in the north.
There are two features of the Auckland Volcanic Field in the area. Pukewairiki is an estuary of the Ōtara Creek and a volcanic maar that erupted an estimated 130,000 years ago. Ōtara Hill / Te Puke o Tara is a volcano located to the north in East Tāmaki that erupted an estimated 56,500 years ago, and was quarried in the mid-20th century. Lava flows from the hill flowed as far south as the Ōtara Town Centre.
History
Māori history
The Ōtara area is part of the rohe of Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, who descend from the crew of the Tainui migratory waka, who visited the area around the year 1300. The mouth of the Tāmaki River was traditionally known as ("The Waters of Tāiki"), named after the Ngāi Tai ancestor Tāiki. Tāiki settled with his followers along the eastern shores of the Tāmaki River, alongside the descendants of Huiārangi of the early iwi Te Tini ō Maruiwi. The upper reaches of the river near modern was traditionally known as , referring to Mokoikahikuwaru, a protector taniwha of the Tainui waka who is described in legends as taking up residence at the Panmure Basin. The area is close to the portages where waka could be easily taken over land between the Manukau Harbour and Tāmaki River, including Te Tō Waka at Ōtāhuhu and Waokauri / Pūkaki portage at Papatoetoe.
Ngāi Tai created extensive cultivations along the eastern shores of the Tāmaki River. The area around (Ōtara Creek) and Ōtara Hill / Te Puke ō Tara was home to the extensive stonefield gardens and a fortified pā, occupied up until the early 19th century. Over time, with the emergence and expansion of later hapū/sub group of Iwi and iwi identities, Ngāti Tai occupying the area of Tara became closely interlinked by marriages with Te Akitai, Ngāti Tamaoho and Ngāti Kahu of the Tāmaki Makaurau (Auckland) confederation of tribes known collectively as Te Wai ō Hua, and with the Hauraki Gulf peoples of Ngāti Pāoa and Ngāti Tamaterā, among others. The Ngāti Pāoa chieftain Hauauru noted in 1851 that by the mid-1830s Ngāti Pāoa, Ngāti Tamaterā and Te Akitai had competing interests in Ōtara. While all of these groups hold ancestral relationships to the Ōtara area, Ngāi Tai continue to retain recognised mana whenua status.
During the Musket Wars in the 1820s, Ngāi Tai sought temporary refuge in the Waikato. When English missionary William Thomas Fairburn visited the area in 1833, it was mostly unoccupied.
In 1836, William Thomas Fairburn brokered a land sale between Tāmaki Māori chiefs covering the majority of modern-day South Auckland and East Auckland. The sale was envisioned as a way to end hostilities in the area, but it is unclear what the chiefs understood or consented to. Māori continued to live in the area, unchanged by this sale. In 1854 when Fairburn's purchase was investigated by the New Zealand Land Commission, a Ngāi Tai reserve was created around the Wairoa River and Umupuia areas, and as a part of the agreement, members of Ngāi Tai agreed to leave their traditional settlements to the west.