The Hornbostel-Sachs system of musical instrument classification groups all instruments in which sound is produced primarily through a vibrating membrane. This includes all drums.
Membranophones (2)
Struck membranophones (21) Struck drums - instruments which have a struck membrane. This includes most types of drum, such as the timpani and snare drum.
Directly struck membranophones (211) Instruments in which the membrane is struck directly, such as through bare hands, beaters or keyboards
211.1 Instruments in which the body of the drum is dish- or bowl-shaped (kettle drums)
211.11 Single instruments
Tamak'
Timpani
211.12 Sets of instruments
Tabla
211.2 Instruments in which the body is tubular (tubular drums)
211.21 Instruments in which the body has the same diameter at the middle and end (cylindrical drums)
211.211 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
211.211.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
Octoban
211.211.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
211.212 Instruments which have two usable membranes
Tumdak'
211.212.1 Single instruments
Bass drum
Dunun
Snare drum
Tom-tom
211.212.2 Sets of instruments
211.22 Instruments in which the body is barrel-shaped (barrel drums)
211.221 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
211.221.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
Conga
211.221.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
211.222 Instruments which have two usable membranes
211.222.1 Single instruments
Taiko - this term refers to any of the various Japanese drums. Byō-uchi-daiko Shime-daiko Okedō-daiko Gagakki N-Odaiko - type of Taiko
211.222.2 Sets of instruments
211.23 Instruments in which the body is double-conical
211.231 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
211.231.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
211.231.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
211.232 Instruments which have two usable membranes
211.232.1 Single instruments
211.232.2 Sets of instruments
211.24 Instruments in which the body is hourglass-shaped
211.241 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
211.241.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
211.241.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
211.242 Instruments which have two usable membranes
211.242.1 Single instruments
211.242.2 Sets of instruments
211.25 Instruments in which the body is conical-shaped (conical drums)
211.251 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
211.251.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
Bongo drum
211.251.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
211.252 Instruments which have two usable membranes
211.252.1 Single instruments
211.252.2 Sets of instruments
211.26 Instruments in which the body is goblet-shaped (goblet drums)
211.261 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
211.261.1 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is open
Djembe
211.261.2 Instruments in which the end without a membrane is closed
Dabakan
211.262 Instruments which have two usable membranes
211.262.1 Single instruments
211.262.2 Sets of instruments
211.3 Instruments in which the body depth is not greater than the radius of the membrane (frame drums) Tambourine (the jingles also make this an idiophone)
211.31 Instruments which do not have a handle
211.311 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
211.312 Instruments which have two usable membranes
211.32 Instruments which have a handle
211.321 Instruments which have only one usable membrane
Bodhrán
211.322 Instruments which have two usable membranes
Shaken membranophones (212) Instruments which are shaken, the membrane being vibrated by objects inside the drum (rattle drums)
Plucked membranophones (22) Instruments with a string attached to the membrane, so that when the string is plucked, the membrane vibrates (plucked drums) Some commentators believe that instruments in this class ought instead to be regarded as chordophones (see below).
Friction membranophones (23) Instruments in which the membrane vibrates as a result of friction. With friction drums, the sound is produced rubbing, rather than striking.