This is a list of major and frequently observed neurological disorders (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), symptoms (e.g., back pain), signs (e.g., aphasia) and syndromes (e.g., Aicardi syndrome). There is disagreement over the definitions and criteria used to delineate various disorders and whether some of these conditions should be classified as mental disorders or in other ways.
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22q13 deletion syndrome
A
Abulia
Achromatopsia
Addiction
Acquired brain injury
Agraphia
Agnosia
Aicardi syndrome
AIDS – neurological manifestations
Akinetopsia
Alcohol related brain damage
Alcoholism
Alcoholic dementia
Alien hand syndrome
Allan–Herndon–Dudley syndrome
Alternating hemiplegia of childhood
Alzheimer's disease
Amaurosis fugax
Amnesia
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Acephalia
Aneurysm
Angelman syndrome
Anosognosia
Aphasia
Aphantasia
Apraxia
Arachnoiditis
Arnold–Chiari malformation
Asomatognosia
Asperger syndrome
Ataxia
ATR-16 syndrome
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder predominately inattentive
Auditory processing disorder
Autism spectrum disorder
B
Back pain
Behçet's disease
Bell's palsy
Bipolar disorder
Blindsight
Blindness
Blurred vision
Brain damage
Brachial plexus injury
Brain death
Brain injury
Brain infarction
Brain tumor
Brody myopathy
C
Canavan disease
Capgras delusion
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Causalgia
Central pain syndrome
Central pontine myelinolysis
Centronuclear myopathy
Cephalic disorder
Cerebral aneurysm
Cerebral arteriosclerosis
Cerebral atrophy
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy Cerebral dysgenesis–neuropathy–ichthyosis–keratoderma syndrome Cerebral gigantism Cerebral palsy Cerebral vasculitis Cerebrospinal fluid leak Cervical spinal stenosis Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease Chiari malformation Chorea Chronic fatigue syndrome Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy Chronic pain Cluster headache Cockayne syndrome Coffin–Lowry syndrome Coma Complex post-traumatic stress disorder Complex regional pain syndrome Compression neuropathy Congenital distal spinal muscular atrophy Congenital facial diplegia Color blindness Cornelia de Lange syndrome Corticobasal degeneration Cotard delusion Cranial arteritis Craniosynostosis Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease Cumulative trauma disorders Cushing's syndrome Cyclic vomiting syndrome Cyclothymic disorder Cytomegalic inclusion body disease Cytomegalovirus Infection