16 Drams (dr.) make 1 Ounce (oz.) 16 Ounces make 1 Pound (pd.) 25 Pounds make 1 Quarter (qr.) 4 Quarters, or 100 lbs., make 1 Hundredweight (cwt.) 20 Hundredweights make 1 Ton (T.) 2,240 Pounds make 1 Long ton (L. T.)
24 Grains (gr.) make 1 Pennyweight (pwt.) 20 Pennyweights make 1 Ounce (oz.) 12 Ounces make 1 Pound (pd.)
20 Grains (gr.) make 1 Scruple (sc.) 3 Scruples make 1 Dram (dr.) 8 Drams make 1 Ounce (oz.) 12 Ounces make 1 Pound (pd.)
12 Inches make 1 Foot 3 Feet make 1 Yard 5-1/2 Yards make 1 Rod 40 Rods make 1 Furlong 8 Furlongs 1 Mile
12 Inches make 1 Foot 3 Feet make 1 Yard 6 Feet make 1 Fathom 5-1/2 Yards make 1 Rod or pole 40 Poles make 1 Furlong 8 Furlongs make 1 Mile 3 Miles make 1 League 69-1/2 Miles make 1 Degree
144 square inches make 1 square foot 9 square feet make 1 square yard 30-1/2 square yards make 1 square pole 40 square poles make 1 square rod 4 square rods make 1 acre 640 square acres make 1 acre mile
1,728 Cubic inches make 1 Cubic foot 27 Cubic feet make 1 Cubic yard 128 Cubic feet make 1 Cord of wood 24-3/4 Cubic feet make 1 Perch of stone
2 Pints make 1 Quart (qt.) 8 Quarts make 1 peck (pk.) 4 Pecks make 1 Bushel (bu.) 36 Bushels make 1 Chaldron (ch.)
4 Gills (g.) make 1 Pint (pt.) 2 Pints make 1 Quart (qt.) 4 Quarts make 1 Gallon (gal.) 31-1/2 Gallons make 1 Barrel (bbl.) 2 Bbls., or 63 gals., make. 1 Hogshead (hhd.)
24 Sheets (sh.) make 1 Quire (qu.) 20 Quires make 1 Ream (r.) 10 Reams make 1 Bale (ba.) or bundle.
Greatest artificial cold 220 degrees below Fahr. " natural " 73.7 " " " Mercury freezes 39 " " " Mixture of snow and salt 4 " " " Greatest density of water at 39.2 " above " Blood Heat 97.9 " " " Alcohol boils 172.4 " " " Water boils 212 " " " Mercury boils 662 " " " Sulphur boils 824 " " " Silver melts 1,749 " " " Cast iron melts 2,786 " " "
The tests are made by using a cubic inch of the metal and compressing it, and by trying to draw apart a square inch of metal. Indicated in pounds.
========================+=========+============= | Tension | Compression ------------------------+---------+------------- Aluminum | 15,000 | 12,000 Brass, cast | 24,000 | 30,000 Bronze, gun metal | 32,000 | 20,000 " manganese | 60,000 | 120,000 " phosphor | 50,000 | ...... Copper, cast | 24,000 | 40,000 " wire annealed. | 36,000 | ...... " " unannealed | 60,000 | ...... Iron, cast | 15,000 | ...... " " annealed | 60,000 | 80,000 " " unannealed | 80,000 | ...... " wrought | 48,000 | 46,000 Lead, cast | 2,000 | ...... Steel castings | 70,000 | 70,000 " plow | 270,000 | ...... " structural | 60,000 | 60,000 " wire annealed | 80,000 | ...... " crucible | 180,000 | ...... Tin | 3,800 | 6,000 ------------------------+---------+-------------