The Turkic term oğuz or oğur (in z- and r-Turkic, respectively) is a historical term for "military division, clan, or tribe" among the Turkic peoples. With the Mongol invasions of 1206–21, the Turkic khaganates were replaced by Mongol or hybrid Turco-Mongol confederations, where the corresponding military division came to be known as orda.
Background
The 8th-century Kul Tigin stela has the earliest instance of the term in Old Turkic epigraphy: Toquz Oghuz, the "nine tribes".
Later the word appears often for two largely separate groups of the Turkic migration in the early medieval period, namely: Onogur ("ten tribes") Utigurs Kutrigurs Uyghur Saragurs
The stem uq-, oq- "kin, tribe" is from a Proto-Turkic *uk. The Old Turkic word has often been connected with oq "arrow"; Pohl (2002) in explanation of this connection adduces the Chinese T'ang-shu chronicle, which reports: "the khan divided his realm into ten tribes. To the leader of each tribe, he sent an arrow. The name [of these ten leaders] was 'the ten she''', but they were also called 'the ten arrows'."Walter Pohl, Die Awaren: ein Steppenvolk im Mitteleuropa, 567-822 n. Chr, C.H.Beck (2002), , p. 26-29. An oguz (ogur) was in origin a military division of a Nomadic empire, which acquired tribal or ethnic connotations, by processes of ethnogenesis.
See also
Turkic peoples
Oghur Turks
Oghuz Turks
Huns
Xiongnu
Khaganate
Turkic migration
Orda (organization)
References
Karoly Czeglédy, On the Numerical Composition of the Ancient Turkic Tribal Confederations'', Acta Orient. Hung., 25 (1972), 275-281.