Uzerliktapa — is a middle Bronze Age settlement near the city of Aghdam. The cultural layer was approximately 3.5 m high at the end of the 2nd millennium BC. The Uzerliktapa settlement is one of the rare monuments of the city's first urban culture.
The first urban settlements in the Caucasus
The highway has partially cut down the current highway from Aghdam to Agjabadi. The western part of the hill is now cemetery.
In 1954, this hill attracted the attention of many Azerbaijani and Russian scholars. The most interesting thing is that this hill is not artificially created as a mound. That is, it is a natural hill. On the other hand, many material and cultural remains of 3-4 thousand years ago have been collected by the traveler in the destroyed part of this natural hill. Of course, it is the fate of this mysterious hill, the most thoughtful of scholars, how the find could fall to the middle of the hill and how many other fossils would be found on the hill. Among the scholars there were also controversial. Some claim that he was a cemetery from the earliest times, while others claimed to be a hilltop.
In order to put an end to all these disputes, St. Petersburg scientist A.A. Gessen suggested to do excavation on the hill. One of the reasons for excavation was that in the 1950s, the Bronze Age settlements in Karabakh had not been studied. Therefore, the nature of the settlements 3-4 thousand years ago, their habitation, the structure of their homes, the type of building materials, etc. The study of such monuments was of great importance for learning. Only living places could help to learn the level of material and spiritual life of the population.
The only ancient settlement in the archeological excavation of the Millard is Uzerliktapa. This monument is located in a geographically favourable position in the east from the city of Aghdam. The residence has an oval plan which is incorrect. Its widest range from north to south is 202 m. Archaeological excavations were carried out on 484 m2 area. The thickness of the cultural layer on the natural hill is 3 m.
During the archeological excavations, 3 construction layers were discovered. The first construction layer is characterised by the presence of various types of workshops. Some of them are full of kitchenware and ash. It has been used to store animals from straw piles. Remains of this building have been found on this layer. Its walls are woven from thick sticks and dipped into clay. The roof of the building is covered with wooden shells, and the ground floor is covered with a mat. Clay bottles on the floor, clay stoves were found inside the scattered hearth. Frosted metal alloy was found inside the clay bush found in the oven. Teas, lugs and stone molds from tea stones were obtained near the quarry. This house was painted by K. Kushnareva as a "cast house". Clay items found in this layer are divided into two groups, kitchen and household utensils. Ceramic products are cooked in gray or black color. Household appliances are thoroughly polished. The boards are designed with various motifs of gray ornaments.
The thickness of the middle layer selected by rich oak residues, economic wells and rich archeological materials is 1.5 m. The ruins of the magnificent protective wall, which depicts the entire habitat, have been discovered on this layer. The wall of the protective wall is 35 m in length and 3 m in width and 1 m in height. One of its entrance doors is reinforced with counterfeit. Remnants of ground-based and wood-covered houses were found on the inside of the defensive wall. During this period, the place of residence was exposed to a double fire. As a result of the collapse of the houses and the accumulation of the cultural layer, the defense wall has lost its significance and has been calibrated.
The third building period was located on the wall of the defense. In spite of the fact that it was extremely bad, the ground floor and the household items kept on them were found on this layer. Ceramics of the second and third classes were accepted by K. Kushnaryeva as a single complex. During this period, there was considerable progress in the production of clay products. The sculptural ornament used in the substrate was replaced by a more perfect ornament. During this period, painted containers, which are completely different from the black colored ceramics of Oterliktepe, appear. K. Kushnaryeva links the formation of the painted containers with the progress made in the development of pottery.