2. =Predicate nominative.= A noun that is used to form a complete predicate, and refers to the same person or thing as the subject, is in the =nominative case= after the verb; as, John became _king_. A noun so used is called a =predicate noun= or =predicate nominative=. The verbs _be_, _seem_, _become_, _appear_, _look_ are followed by a =predicate nominative=.
3. =Apposition.= A noun added to another noun to explain its meaning is said to be in apposition to the first noun; as,
Mr. Henry, our _principal_, is sick. (Nominative in apposition.)
We like your sister _Mary_. (Objective in apposition.)
4. =Nominative of address.= A noun that is used in addressing a person or thing, is in the =nominative case of address=; as, _Man_, thy years are few.
5. =Nominative absolute.= A noun that is not related to any other word in the sentence is in the =nominative absolute case=; as, The _day_ being bright, I went for a drive.
6. =Object of a verb.= A noun or pronoun on which the action expressed by a verb ends, is called the grammatical =object= of the verb; as, I broke my _pen_.
7. =Object of a preposition.= A noun or pronoun which a preposition connects in sense to some other word in the sentence, is called the =object= of the preposition; as, He came from the _country_.
8. =Indirect object.= A noun or pronoun that is used to show _to_ or _for_ whom or what something is done, is called the _indirect_ object; as, He gave _me_ a watch. The word _watch_ is the _direct_ object of _gave_.
9. =Possession.= A noun that is used to denote ownership is in the =possessive= case; as, My _friend’s_ hat is missing.
10. =Adverbial object.= A noun that is used like an adverb to express _time_, _distance_, _weight_, or _value_, is called an =adverbial objective=; as, He walked five _miles_. It is worth eight _dollars_.
11. =Retained object.= When an active verb, taking two objects, is changed into the passive voice, one object becomes the subject of the passive verb, but the other is _retained as object_; as, He was forgiven his _offence_.
12. =Cognate object.= When the objective has a similar or cognate meaning to that of the verb, it is called a =cognate object=; as, She sung us a _song_.
13. =Predicate objective.= When a noun is in the predicate relation to an objective subject, it is called a =predicate objective=; as, I know him to be an honest _man_.