Rachel, Lady MacRobert, née Workman (23 March 1884 – 1 September 1954) was a geologist, cattle breeder and an active feminist. Born in Massachusetts to an influential family, she was educated in England and Scotland. She was elected to Fellowship of the Geological Society of London, one of the first three women admitted. Her scientific studies included petrology and mineralogy in Sweden and her first academic paper was published in 1911. She married Sir Alexander MacRobert, a wealthy self-made Scottish millionaire, and had three sons with him. He was endowed with a knighthood in 1910 and a baronetcy in 1922 but died later that year. Lady MacRobert's sons all pre-deceased her: the eldest in a flying accident in 1938, and the other two died in action during the Second World War serving with the Royal Air Force. On the death of her husband she became a director of the British India Corporation, the conglomerate he had founded.
To commemorate her sons, Rachel paid for a Short Stirling bomber named "MacRobert's Reply", and four Hawker Hurricanes.
In 1943 she created the MacRobert Trust, a charity that continues to support the RAF among other institutions. It created the MacRobert Award for engineering, today awarded by the Royal Academy of Engineering.
Background and early life
Born on 23 March 1894, in Worcester, Massachusetts, Rachel was the eldest child of Fanny Bullock Workman and her husband William Hunter Workman; the couple also had a son, Siegfried, born in 1889. Fanny and William were well educated and from prominent, wealthy New England families. Fanny received a large inheritance when her father, Alexander, died in 1882 and the family fortune was further boosted by a significant bequest from William's father in 1885. The family moved to Dresden when Rachel was five-years-old in 1889 claiming it would be beneficial to William's "debilitating" health issues. Following the move, he made a prompt return to good health and the couple escalated their interests in travelling and exploring the world. Rachel and her brother were left in Dresden to be cared for by nurses during their parents' frequent trips away. Siegfried died on 26 June 1893 after contracting pneumonia. Fanny's preference for travelling over the responsibilities of motherhood intensified a few months after the funeral and Rachel was despatched to England to be educated at The Cheltenham Ladies' College.
After Cheltenham, Rachel attended Royal Holloway College, an institution founded to provide a university education for women. In 1911 she graduated with a second class Honours degree in geology having spent a year, 1907 until 1908, undertaking a special study of the subject at the University of Edinburgh. Rachel remained in contact with her parents and while returning to England from a trip to India with them in 1909 she met Sir Alexander MacRobert. Commonly referred to as Mac, he was born in Aberdeen to working class parents. He left school when he was twelve but continued his education by attending evening classes. Thirty years older than Rachel, he was born in 1854; when they met he was a widower who had already made a significant fortune building up woollen mills in Cawnpore, or Kanpur as it is now known, where he had worked since early 1884. MacRobert received a knighthood in the New Year's Honours list in 1910 by which time the pair had an established relationship; Rachel refused to attend the ceremony with him at Buckingham Palace declaring: "I will bow to no man."
Marriage and family
Rachel and MacRobert married on 7 July 1911 at a Quakers Meeting House in York. Neither of Rachel's parents attended the ceremony. Marriage did not prevent her continuing her studies as she attended the Imperial College in London. While there she undertook research into petrology and mineralogy in Scotland and Sweden, publishing papers on the subject in 1911. She further enhanced her education by attending the Christiania Mineralogisk Institutet, undertaking a post-graduate research course. Her husband devoted most of his time continuing to build his conglomerate in India but eventually Rachel would not live there and referred to it as "that nasty land". While she was in India she continued her geological research at the Kolar Gold Fields. She soon predominantly divided her time between her studies, European travel and managing the estate at Tarland in Aberdeenshire, which Sir Alexander had acquired in 1905 to complement the small farm he bought nearby in 1888. Rachel did reluctantly travel to India to attend ceremonial events like the Delhi Durbar in mid-December 1911.