This is a list of Sri Lankan Moors. Sri Lankan Moors (; formerly Ceylon Moors; colloquially referred to as Muslims or Moors) are the minority ethnic group in Sri Lanka, comprising 9.3% of the country's total population. They are mainly native speakers of the Tamil language with influence of Sinhalese and Arabic words, however, some of them use Sinhalese as their native tongue. They are predominantly followers of Islam.
The Moors trace their ancestry to Arab traders who settled in Sri Lanka in waves beginning from the 8th century. The population of Moors are the highest in the Ampara, Trincomalee and Batticaloa districts.
The Portuguese named the Muslims in India and Sri Lanka after the Muslim Moors they met in Iberia. The word Moors did not exist in Sri Lanka before the arrival of the Portuguese colonists. The term 'Moor' was chosen because of the Islamic faith of these people, and was not a reflection of their origin.
The Tamil term for Moors is Sonakar, which is thought to be derived from the word sunni. The Tamil term Sonakar along with the Sinhalese term Yonaka, has been thought to have been derived from the term Yona, a term originally applied to Greeks, but sometimes also Arabs.
Demographics
Sri Lankan Moor Population and Percentage
Pioneers and early accounts
Yusuf bin Ahmad al-Kawneyn – Arab traveller said to have founded Beruwala
One tradition names a Prince Jamal-ud-din, son of Sultan Alaa-uddin of Konya, Turkey, to have arrived in Beruwala in the 10th century and introduced the Unani medicine system to the island. Another tradition states that four vessels sailed from Yemen with three Sultans, Bad-ur-din, Salah-ud-din and Mohamed. They landed at Mannar and settled there. Sad-ur-din, the son of Mohamed, sailed further south along the West coast and settled in Beruwela. The earliest physical evidence to a Muslim presence in Colombo is an Arabic tombstone marking the death in 948 A.D. of a Muslim preacher named In Abu Bakasa sent by the caliph of Baghdad Ibn Battuta, during his 1341–1344 visit to the island, recounts a regional Muslim ruler in Colombo named Jalasthi, who is reported to have been served by a garrison of 500 Abyssinians. Ibn Battuta also recalls being entertained by a "Ship Captain Ibrahim" in Galle. Tradition states that during the reign of a certain "Raja Sinha", three Arabs travelled inland to Kandy. The king allowed them to take three native wives, and the three Arabs settled Akurana. Those three Arabs became the ancestors of the Moors of Akurana.
Native Headmen of Ceylon
Native Headmen System was an integral part of the administration of the island of Ceylon (now known as Sri Lanka) under the successive European colonial powers, namely the Portuguese Empire, the Dutch East India Company and the British Empire. Native headmen or leaders were appointed by the European colonial administrators to function as intermediates between the Europeans and the native populous. During different periods through this system these headmen functioned in military, policing, administrative and ceremonial capacities. They served as translators, revenue collectors and wielded quasi-judicial powers. Much of the system evolved and changed over time until some of the last vestiges of it were removed in the post-independent Ceylon.
With the on set of British rule, Governor North restructured the native headmen system. The system was transformed into a salaried system with land grants and tenured service abolished. They became the second tier of the civil administration of the island with appointments made by the Government Agent of the Province. Appointments were non-transferable and usually hereditary, made to locals, usually from wealthy influential families loyal the British Crown. The holder had much control over the people of the area and had limited police powers since he was responsible to keep the peace, carry out revenue collection and assist in judicial functions. Over the next century, the headmen grew to be a powerful and affluent class consolidating economic power through land ownership and marriage. Gradually functions of headmen were transferred to various departments that were established by the British administration.