This survey is devoted to the classical and modern problems related to the entire function ${ \sigma({ \bf u};\lambda)}$, defined by a family of nonsingular algebraic curves of genus $2$, where ${ \bf u} = (u_1,u_3)$ and $\lambda = (\lambda_4, \lambda_6,\lambda_8,\lambda_{ 10})$. It is an analogue of the Weierstrass sigma function $\sigma(u;g_2,g_3)$ of a family of elliptic curves. Logarithmic derivatives of order 2 and higher of the function ${ \sigma({ \bf u};\lambda)}$ generate fields of hyperelliptic functions of ${ \bf u} = (u_1,u_3)$ on the Jacobians of curves with a fixed parameter vector $\lambda$. We consider three Hurwitz series $\sigma({ \bf u};\lambda)=\sum_{ m,n\ge 0}a_{ m,n}(\lambda)\frac{ u_1^mu_3^n}{ m!n!}$, $\sigma({ \bf u};\lambda) = \sum_{ k\ge 0}\xi_k(u_1;\lambda)\frac{ u_3^k}{ k!}$ and $\sigma({ \bf u};\lambda) = \sum_{ k\ge 0}\mu_k(u_3;\lambda)\frac{ u_1^k}{ k!}$. The survey is devoted to the number-theoretic properties of the functions $a_{ m,n}(\lambda)$, $\xi_k(u_1;\lambda)$ and $\mu_k(u_3;\lambda)$. It includes the latest results, which proofs use the fundamental fact that the function ${ \sigma ({ \bf u};\lambda)}$ is determined by the system of four heat equations in a nonholonomic frame of six-dimensional space.
Categories: math.AG math.AT math.CV math.NT
