[1] The spelling throughout all the articles dealing with India is that adopted by the government of India, modified in special instances with deference to long-established usage.
[2] The historicity of this convention, not now usually admitted by scholars, is maintained by Bishop Copleston of Calcutta in his _Buddhism, Primitive and Present_ (1908).
[3] In 1909 the excavation of a ruined stupa near Peshawar disclosed a casket, with an inscription of Kanishka, and containing fragments of bones believed to be those of Buddha himself.
[4] In 1909 an inscription in Brahmi characters was discovered near Bhilsa in Central India recording the name of a Greek, Heliodorus. He describes himself as a worshipper of Bhagavata (= Vishnu), and states that he had come from Taxila in the name of the great king Antialcidas, who is known from his coins to have lived c. 170 B.C.
[5] This is the conventional European form of the name. For other forms see YUE-CHI.
[6] V. A. Smith, _Early Hist. of India_, p. 238.
[7] Smith, _op. cit._ pp. 239, &c., says that he probably succeeded Kadphises II. about A.D. 120. Dr Fleet dates the beginning of Kanishka's reign 58 B.C. (see INSCRIPTIONS: _Indian_). Mr Vincent Smith (_Imp. Gaz. of India, The Indian Empire_, ed. 1908, vol. ii. p. 289, note) dissents from this view, which is also held by Dr Otto Franke of Berlin, stating that Dr Stein's discoveries in Chinese Turkestan "strongly confirm the view" held by himself.
[8] See V. A. Smith, _op. cit._ pp. 297, &c.
[10] So V. A. Smith, _op. cit._ p. 314, who on this point differs from Sylvain Levi and Ettinghausen.
[11] For Harsha's reign see Smith, _op. cit._ xiii. 311-331.
[12] This has been Englished by Anglo-Indians into "puggaree" or "pugree" and applied to a scarf of white cotton or silk wound round a hat or helmet as a protection against the sun.
[13] Anglicized as "pyjamas" (in America "pajamas"), the term is used of a form of night-wear for men which has now generally superseded the night-shirt. This consists of a loose coat and trousers of silk, wool or other material; the trousers are fastened by a cord round the waist.
INDIA, FRENCH, a general name for the French possessions in India--on the Coromandel coast, Pondicherry, Karikal and Yanaon; on the Malabar coast, Mahé; and in Bengal, Chandernagore. In addition there are a few "lodges" elsewhere, but they are merely nominal remnants of French factories. The total area amounts to 203 sq. m., of which 113 sq. m. belong to the territory of Pondicherry. In 1901 the total population amounted to 273,185. By decree of the 25th of January 1879 French India was provided with an elective general council and elective local councils. The results of this measure have not been very satisfactory, and the qualifications for and the classes of the franchise have been modified. The governor resides at Pondicherry, and is assisted by a council. There are two tribunals of first instance (at Pondicherry and Karikal), one court of appeal (at Pondicherry) and five justices of the peace. The agricultural produce consists of rice, earth-nuts, tobacco, betel nuts and vegetables.