Fragments in Koch, _Comicorum Atticorum Fragmenta_, ii. (1884); see also Clinton, _Philological Museum_, i. (1832); Meineke, _Historia Critica Comicorum Graecorum_ (1839).
ANTIPHILUS, a Greek painter, of the age of Alexander. He worked for Philip of Macedon and Ptolemy I. of Egypt. Thus he was a contemporary of Apelles, whose rival he is said to have been, but he seems to have worked in quite another style. Quintilian speaks of his facility: the descriptions of his works which have come down to us show that he excelled in light and shade, in genre representations, and in caricature.
See Brunn, _Geschichte der griechischen Kunstler_, ii. p. 249.
ANTIPHON, of Rhamnus in Attica, the earliest of the "ten" Attic orators, was born in 480 B.C. He took an active part in political affairs at Athens, and, as a zealous supporter of the oligarchical party, was largely responsible for the establishment of the Four Hundred in 411 (see THERAMENES); on the restoration of the democracy he was accused of treason and condemned to death. Thucydides (viii. 68) expresses a very high opinion of him. Antiphon may be regarded as the founder of political oratory, but he never addressed the people himself except on the occasion of his trial. Fragments of his speech then delivered in defence of his policy (called [Greek: Peri metastaseos]) have been edited by J. Nicole (1907) from an Egyptian papyrus. His chief business was that of a professional speech-writer ([Greek: logographos]), for those who felt incompetent to conduct their own cases--as all disputants were obliged to do--without expert assistance. Fifteen of Antiphon's speeches are extant: twelve are mere school exercises on fictitious cases, divided into tetralogies, each consisting of two speeches for prosecution and defence--accusation, defence, reply, counter-reply; three refer to actual legal processes. All deal with cases of homicide ([Greek: phonikai dikai]). Antiphon is also said to have composed a [Greek: Techne] or art of Rhetoric.
Edition, with commentary, by Maetzner (1838); text by Blass (1881); Jebb, _Attic Orators_; Plutarch, _Vitae X. Oratorum_; Philostratus, _Vit. Sophistarum_, i. 15; van Cleef, _Index Antiphonteus_, Ithaca, N.Y. (1895); see also RHETORIC.