The Abbey of Our Lady of Atlas (; ) is a Catholic monastery of Trappists, inaugurated on March 7, 1938, in Tibhirine, close to Médéa, in Algeria.
The abbey became more known in 1996, when seven monks were kidnapped from the monastery, during the Algerian Civil War, and were killed. The film Of Gods and Men, released in 2010, tells the events that led to their deaths.
History
Founding
In 1843, Trappist monks of Aiguebelle Abbey built an abbey in Staoueli, in French Algeria, in order to train the population in modern agriculture techniques. The Staoueli Abbey and its agriculture cultivation were growing quickly. But in 1904 the monks left the country because of the difficulties to make the territory profitable and for fear of the French law on associations passed in 1901, which limited the rights of religious congregations.
In 1933–34, some Trappist monks of the Deliverance of Mary Abbey, Brestanica (today Slovenia), went to Algeria. The monks reached Fort Alger with the assistance of different abbeys, notably the Abbey of Notre-Dame des Dombes and Aiguebelle Abbey. Among their number can be mentioned, Father Marcel (born in Taisey which is part of Saint Rémy, in Saône and Loire, in 1868) and Father Berchmans (Joseph Baillet) and his brother Father Benoit (Stanislas Baillet).
The community lived in a monastic refuge in Ouled-Trift, which was then transferred, in 1935, to Ben Chicao, located 20 km from Médéa and 100 km south of Algiers, in the mountain range of Atlas. In 1938, Aiguebelle Abbey became the mother abbey of this community. The monks set up the Atlas monastery, on March 7, 1938, close to the Lodi village founded by colonists in 1848, in the agriculture territory of Tib-Harins, which became Tibhirine after 1962 Tib-Harine means "Gardens" in Berber and specifically vegetable garden: this term brings to mind the "garden terraces" around the monastery, irrigated by a basin. It is an important centre in the country, with a farm, which is dominated by the Tibhirine Forest. The community numbered firstly thirteen monks including some who were already present in Staouéli.
The monastery received the status of abbey on September 26, 1947. The first abbot was Dom Bernard Barbarous, former abbot of Maguzzano: He received the abbatial blessing on October 13, with the abbatial crozier of the Abbey of Staoueli, dated from 1856. This expressed the direct link between the Abbey of Staoueli and the new Trappist abbey. During the war, the inhabitants of Tamesguida came down from the mountain for fear of unrest and settled down little by little around and under the protection of the monastery, which contributed to the development of the village of Tibhirine. The monks numbered around 30 in 1951 and about 25 a few years later, which was much less than in Staoueli.
1958 to 1988
In 1958, during the Algerian war, Fellaghas raided the monastery. In 1962, there were just nine monks left. After the independence of Algeria, the closing of the monastery was considered by the monks, but the death of the General Abbot of the Trappists, Dom Gabriel Sortais during the same night as the signing of the decree of the closure of the monastery, suspended the decision. Eight new brothers, from monasteries of Aiguebelle and Timadeuc arrived in 1964.
The monks followed the Rule of Saint Benedict, spending their time in silence and prayer. Prayer set the rhythm of the days of the monastery, which lived in peace with the neighbouring village. They bonded with their Muslim neighbours by teaching French, providing employment at the monastery's farm, and medicine, and clothes and shoes for the poor.
The farm and the adjacent lands to the abbey (374 hectares) were nationalized in 1976. The monks created with villagers, an agricultural cooperative to cultivate these lands together. In 1984, monks renounced the status of abbey in order to become an independent priory, and Dom Christian de Chergé was elected prior. On January 26, 1988, the Priory of Our Lady of the Atlas built a monastery annex in Fez, Morocco.