22. A. Model of the vicinity of Chicago, showing the position of the outlet of the former Lake Chicago 400 B. Map of Yosemite Falls and its earlier site near Eagle Peak 400
23. A. View of the American Fall at Niagara, showing the accumulation of blocks beneath 414 B. Crystal Lake, a landslide lake in Colorado 414
24. A. Apparatus for exercise in the preparation of topographic maps 468 B. The same apparatus in use for testing the contours of a map 468 C. Modeling apparatus in use 468
1. Diagram to show the measure of the earth’s surface irregularities 11
2. Map to show the reciprocal relation of areas of land and sea 11
3. The tetrahedral form toward which the earth is tending 12
4. A truncated tetrahedron to show the reciprocal relation of projection and depression upon the surface 13
5. Approximations to earlier and present figures of the earth 15
6. Diagrams for comparison of coasts upon an upright and upon an inverted tetrahedron 17
7. The continents, including submerged portions 18
8. Diagram to indicate the altitude of different parts of the lithosphere surface 18
9. Diagram to show how the terrestrial rocks grade into the meteorites 22
10. Comparison of a crystalline with an amorphous substance 24
11. “Light figure” seen upon etched surface of calcite 25
12. Battered sand grains which have developed crystal faces 26
13. Unassimilated grains of quartz within a garnet crystal 28
14. New minerals developed about the core of an augite crystal 28
15. A common rim of new mineral developed by reaction where earlier minerals come into contact 28
16. Laminated structure of a sedimentary rock 30
17. Characteristic textures of igneous rocks 33
18. Diagram to show the order of sediments laid down during a transgression of the sea 37
19. Fractures produced by compression of a block of molder’s wax 41
20. Apparatus to illustrate the folding of strata 41
22. Diagrams to illustrate crustal shortening 42
24. Diagrams to illustrate the shapes of rock folds 44
25. Secondary and tertiary flexures superimposed upon the primary ones 44
26. A bent stratum to illustrate tension and compression upon opposite sides 45
27. A geological section with truncated arches restored 47
28. Diagram to illustrate the nature of strike and dip 47