[Illustration: FIG. 21.--Petroglyphs near San Marcos pass, California.]
[Illustration: FIG. 22.--Petroglyphs near San Marcos pass, California.]
These paintings are in a cavity near the base of an immense bowlder, over 20 feet in height. A short distance from this is a flat granitic bowlder, containing twenty-one mortar holes, which had evidently been used by visiting Indians during the acorn season. Oaks are very abundant, and their fruit formed one of the sources of subsistence.
Three miles west-northwest of this locality, in the valley near the base of the mountain, are indistinct figures in faded red, painted upon a large rock. The characters appear similar, in general, to those above mentioned.
Forty-three miles west of Santa Barbara, in the Najowe valley, is a promontory, at the base of which is a large shallow cavern, the opening being smaller than the interior, upon the roof and back of which are many designs, some of which are reproduced in Fig. 23, of forms similar to those observed at San Marcos pass. Several characters appear to have been drawn at a later date than others, such as horned cattle, etc. The black used was a manganese compound, while the red pigments consist of ferruginous clays, abundant at numerous localities in the mountain canyons.
[Illustration: FIG. 23.--Petroglyphs in Najowe valley, California.]
Some of the human figures are drawn with the hands and arms in the attitude of making the gestures for _surprise_ or _astonishment_, and _negation_, as in Fig. 24.
[Illustration: FIG. 24.--Petroglyphs in Najowe valley, California.]
The characters in Fig. 25 resemble forms which occur at Tulare valley, and in Owens valley, respectively, and insect forms also occur as in Fig. 26.
[Illustration: FIG. 25.--Petroglyphs, Najowe valley, California.]
[Illustration: FIG. 26.--Petroglyphs in Najowe valley, California.]
Other designs abounding at this locality are shown in Figs. 27 and 28.
[Illustration: FIG. 27.--Petroglyphs in Najowe valley, California.]
[Illustration: FIG. 28.--Petroglyphs in Najowe valley, California.]
One of the most extensive groupings, and probably the most elaborately drawn, is in the Carisa plain, near Mr. Oreña’s ranch, 60 or 70 miles due north of Santa Barbara. The most conspicuous figure is that of the sun, resembling a human face, with ornamental appendages at the cardinal points, and bearing striking resemblance to some Moki masks and pictographic work. Serpentine lines and anomalous forms also abound.