The year 1679 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Botany
Establishment of Hortus Botanicus (Amsterdam).
Mathematics
Samuel Morland publishes The Doctrine of Interest, both Simple & Compound, probably the first tables produced with the aid of a calculating machine.
Medicine
Great Plague of Vienna. Franciscus Sylvius' Opera Medica, published posthumously, recognizes scrofula and phthisis as forms of tuberculosis.
Technology
Pierre-Paul Riquet excavates Malpas Tunnel on the Canal du Midi in Hérault, France, Europe's first navigable canal tunnel (165 m, concrete lined).
Publications
Publication in Paris of the first of Edme Mariotte's Essays de physique: De la végétation des plantes, a pioneering discussion of plant physiology; and De la nature de l'air, a statement of Boyle's law. Publication by the Paris Observatory of the world's first national ephemeris almanac, the Connaissance des tems, compiled by Jean Picard.
Births
January 2 - Pierre Fauchard, French physician (died 1761). January 24 – Christian Wolff, German philosopher, mathematician and scientist (died 1754)
Deaths
January 14 – Jacques de Billy, French Jesuit mathematician (born 1602)