As per the data released by the government, 15.5% of all the road accidents in India were ‘Hit & Run’ cases which resulted in more than 29,000 deaths. To fast-track investigation & settlement of claims in such cases, the government recently published draft rules regarding the ‘Motor Vehicles Accident Fund’ and the compensation scheme. Here is a review. ‘Hit and Run’ accidents are defined as accidents where an individual driving a vehicle incurs any damage to any person’s life, health and/or property and the driver knowingly leaves the scene without providing their information to concerned legal authorities. In other words, hit and run accidents mean hitting a person or property while driving and fleeing. On 02 August 2021, the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways published the Draft Scheme for Compensation to victims of Hit & Run Accidents, 2021 and rules to fast track hit and run accident investigations and settlement of claims. Creation of dedicated fund, increase in compensation for victims The Draft Rules and Scheme for Compensation of Hit & Run Accident Victims make way for a number of changes. Notably, the minimum compensation for hit and run cases has been increased significantly. They provide for an eight-fold increase in compensation for any death and a four-fold increase in compensation for any grievous hurt in hit and run accidents. The major highlights of the scheme are; The government also published draft rules for setting up ‘The Motor Vehicle Accident Fund’ which would have three different accounts with different sources of funding. The three accounts would be The proportion of hit & run cases (in total accidents) has increased in the past three years According to the Road Accidents in India Report 2019, at least 29,354 persons succumbed to death and 67,751 persons were injured in a hit and run cases in the country in the year 2019. The report reveals that ‘Hit and Run’ cases accounted for the largest share of 19.4% of the total persons killed in accidents in 2019, even registering an increase over the previous year of 18.9%. The number of hit and run cases in 2019 accounted for 19.4% of all accident deaths compared to 18.9% in 2018 and 17.5% in 2017. The share of ‘Hit and Run’ cases in the total number of road accidents has also increased from 14% in 2017 to 15.5% in 2019. A similar increasing trend is observed in the number of injured persons. MP, Maharashtra, UP, Rajasthan, Bihar and others register the most ‘Hit & Run’ cases A total of 10 states together account for about 80% of ‘Hit and Run’ cases registered in the country during 2019. Among these, Madhya Pradesh stands out with 13,550 cases (3,495 fatalities), which is higher than all other states by a significant margin. Maharashtra records the second-highest number of hit and run cases with 8,575 followed by Uttar Pradesh (7,778), Rajasthan (7,741) and others. Care during golden hours and protection of Good Samaritans In the absence of an efficient Emergency Medical Services (EMS) system in India, the role of bystanders is crucial in saving the lives of victims in road crashes. According to WHO (World Health Organisation), 50% of victims of road accidents die in the first 15 minutes due to serious cardiovascular or neurological injuries and the rest can be saved by providing basic life support during the ‘Golden Hour’. However, due to fear of harassment by police, detention at hospitals and prolonged legal formalities, bystanders are reluctant in coming forward to help a victim on the road. According to the Road Accidents in India Report 2019, the Central Government is planning to introduce a scheme for the cashless treatment of victims of the accident during the golden hour i.e. the time period of up to one hour following a traumatic injury, during which the likelihood of preventing death through prompt medical care is the highest. The proposal is under consultation with the States, the National Health Authority (NHA) and the National Highway Authority of India (NHAI). The report also highlights other efforts being undertaken by the government vis-à-vis emergency and trauma care in road accidents. According to a Save Life Foundation study titled Impediments on Bystander Care in India, in 2013, about 74% of respondents expressed unwillingness to assist victims of road accidents. Among these, as many as 88% of unwilling bystanders cited legal hassles, involving repeated police questioning and multiple court appearances, as the reasons for their hesitation. The report highlights that 80% of victims fail to receive emergency medical care within the critical ‘Golden Hour’ after an accident.