Rwanda Initiative for Sustainable Development (RISD) is a Rwandan non-governmental, non-profit Organization that mainly focuses on policy action oriented research and advocacy. In addition to the promotion of good land governance and the protection of land rights of the population especially for women and other vulnerable groups, RISD also plays an important role in the country and region in the promotion of the role of the civil society in sustainable development and policy engagement.
Foundation of RISD
RISD was established in 1994 and began its operations in 1997 in Rwanda. It was founded by a group of Rwandan Professionals, with the idea to create an organization which can help to put Rwanda on a path to sustainable development by using a participatory and networking approach. In 2003 RISD obtained its legal personality as a non-profit making organization through the Ministerial Order No. 090/11 of the gazette of 28 August 2003.
RISD’s Vision
The vision of RISD is to ensure equitable access to land resources, for sustainable peace, social justice and economic stability.
RISD’s Mission
The mission of RISD is to promote, advocate and foster social and economic transformation by Rwandans themselves through sustainable use and protection of Natural Resources towards poverty reduction in an equitable and participatory manner.
Land Situation in Rwanda
Rwanda is one of the poorest countries in Africa and has the highest population density of all African countries with about 444 inhabitants/km2. The population is currently over 10 million and is expected to increase to about 13 million in 2020. Land is the most important source of livelihood for most Rwandans, where 80% of the whole population is dependent on land, making land remain the base of Rwanda economy, hence, an important link to the politics of the country. From the social and cultural viewpoints, Rwandans are very attached to their land. From the political view point, it is believed that, the political economy of land in Rwanda contributed to socio-political tensions, leading to the 1994 genocide, due to the effects of resource capture by elite groups and landlessness in the economic collapse prior to 1994, in the context of structural land scarcity. To intervene in these challenges, the current government of Rwanda made the design of land reform a priority area, and is implementing a land reform through the Land Tenure Regularization Program (LTRP), which started under a pilot program in 2007, and was scaled-up nationwide in 2009 and is expected to be completed by end of 2013. The reform aims to address land-related disputes, end gender discrimination in land access and provide a framework for optimum land use as a key factor to contribute to sustainable peace and economic development in the country.
Land Disputes
Today 80% of the land related disputes arise from community or family levels, most of the time one piece of land is claimed by multiple groups. 90% of these disputes affect vulnerable groups, especially women as the main users of land for their livelihood. Therefore, there is a need to monitor and document the legal rights of these vulnerable groups during the implementation of the LTRP.
RISD’s Intervention
One of RISD’s primary bodies of work is to research the impacts of government policies on (rural) Rwandan society, with a special focus on land. RISD in particular is monitoring the impact of land reform on vulnerable groups, especially women, in relation to land claims and legal rights during the implementation of the LTRP. In 2008 RISD put in place its Land Dispute Management Program (LDMP), which aims to train local leaders so that they are able to solve land disputes in their own cells fairly and peacefully. Key activities include: Gender based research on natural resources and governance issues Training of local leaders in dispute management skills with a special focus on land related disputes Advocating for policies that protect the rights of the majority poor including women, widows, orphans and other vulnerable groups, that depend on land as their main source of livelihood Documenting the land related dispute backlogs during the Land registration process Promotion of the role of Civil Society engagement of national policies towards the achievement of Sustainable Development