The University of Tübingen has a long list of notable alumni and staff. As of 2021, eleven Nobel Laureates, 16 Leibniz Laureates and four Alexander von Humboldt Professorships are affiliated with the University.
The following list also includes alumni of the Tübinger Stift, which is not a part of the University, but has a close relationship with it.
Archaeology
Marija Gimbutas (1921–1994), archaeologist
Manfred Korfmann (1942–2005), archaeologist, director of excavations in Troy
Aurel Stein (1862–1943), archaeologist (PhD 1883)
Economics
Helmut Haussmann, German minister of economy (1988–1991) Horst Köhler, director of the IMF (2000–2004) and President of Germany (2004–2010) Jürgen Stark, Chief Economist and Member of the Executive Committee of the European Central Bank Klaus Töpfer, United Nations Under-Secretary-General and Executive-Director of the United Nations Environment Programme
Egyptology
Boyo Ockinga, Egyptologist
History
Ernst Boepple (1887–1950), German Nazi official and SS officer executed for war crimes Andrzej Ciechanowiecki (1924–2015), Polish economist, and collector Kurt Georg Kiesinger, Chancellor of Germany (1966–1969) Hans Mommsen (1930–2015), historian Stephan Jakob Neher (1828–1902), Church historian Rita Süssmuth (1988–1998), president of the Bundestag, the German federal parliament Uwe Wolf (born 1961), musicologist
Indology and Hinduism
Heinrich von Stietencron, Indologist
Law
Gerhard Anschütz, father of the constitution of the Bundesland Hesse
Martin Bangemann, German minister of economy (1984–1988) and EU commissioner (1989–1999) Fritz Bauer, German Jewish judge and chief prosecutor of Hesse (1956–1968) Julien Chaisse (born 1976), professor of law at the City University of Hong Kong Herta Däubler-Gmelin, German minister of justice (1998–2002) Wolfgang Ernst, legal historian and professor at the University of Oxford Roman Herzog, President of Germany (1994–1999) Klaus Hopt, German legal scholar Christine Hohmann-Dennhardt, politician and judge of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (1999–2011) Philipp Jenninger, President of the German federal parliament (1984–1988) Klaus Kinkel, vice-chancellor and minister of foreign affairs of Germany (1993–1998) Dieter Medicus, German legal scholar Gebhard Müller, President of the Federal Constitutional Court of Germany (1959–1971) Günther Oettinger, European Commissioner for Budget and Human Resources, Vice President of the Barroso II commission (2010–) Carlo Schmid, German politician and one of the "fathers of the constitution" Konstantin von Neurath, Minister of foreign affairs of Germany (1932–1938) Christoph Martin Wieland, (1733–1813), poet Jürgen Wöhler (b. 1950), German lawyer and manager
Medicine, natural sciences, mathematics
Yousef Al-Abed (b. 1964), chemist
S. M. Razaullah Ansari (b. 1932), historian of science
Alois Alzheimer, psychiatrist and neuropathologist
Katrin Böhning-Gaese, biologist and ornithologist
Simon Brendle (b. 1981), mathematician
Victor von Bruns, surgeon
Rudolf Jakob Camerarius (1665–1721), botanist, physicist
Theodor Eimer (1843–1898), zoologist and comparative anatomist
Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566), botanist, physicist
Hans Geiger (1882–1945), physicist
Carl Haeberlin (1870–1954), physician
Ingmar Hoerr (b. 1968), biologist
Felix Hoppe-Seyler, chemist and physiologist
Friedrich von Huene (1875–1969), paleontologist
Johannes Kepler (1571–1630), astronomer
Karl Meissner (1891–1959), physicist
Julius Lothar Meyer (1830–1895), chemist
Hugo von Mohl (1805–1872), botanist
Friedrich Miescher, biologist
George Nagobads (1921–2023), Latvian-born American physician
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard (b. 1942), biologist
Hans Schlossberger (1887–1960), immunologist and microbiologist
Wilhelm Schickard (1592–1635), astronomer
Bernhard Schölkopf (b. 1968), computer scientist
Johann Georg Gmelin (1709–1755), botanist
Bei Shizhang (1903–2009), biologist
Karl von Vierordt, physiologist (1818–1884) Detlef Weigel (b. 1961), biologist