The line-of-battle sailing ships which were flagships on naval stations abroad were:--the _Boscawen_, 70 guns, Rear-Admiral Hon. Sir Frederick W. Grey, Cape of Good Hope; _Calcutta_, 84, Rear-Admiral Sir Michael Seymour, East Indies and China; _Cumberland_, 70, Rear-Admiral Sir Stephen Lushington, S.E. Coast of America; _Ganges_, 84, Rear-Admiral R. L. Baynes, Pacific; _Hibernia_, 104, Rear-Admiral H. J. Codrington, Malta; _Indus_, 78, Vice-Admiral Sir Houston Stewart, North America and West Indies.
The number of ships distributed among the various stations in 1859 was no less than 130. "Trade follows the flag."
East Indies and China . . . . . . . 36 Pacific . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 W. Coast of Africa . . . . . . . . 17 N. America and W. Indies . . . . . 14 S.E. Coast of America . . . . . . . 13 Mediterranean . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Cape of Good Hope . . . . . . . . . 5 Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 River Gambia . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Channel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 --- Total 130 ===
The presence of so large a force in Chinese waters was due to the affair of "the lorcha _Arrow_," which occurred on 8th October, 1856, in the Canton River. The _Arrow_, a small vessel flying the British flag, was captured by the Chinese authorities and the crew were arrested on a charge of piracy. In the result, Admiral Sir Michael Seymour bombarded { 4} Canton. Operations were suspended during the Indian Mutiny, to be resumed in 1858, with the assistance of France. Canton was captured, and the treaty of Tien-Tsin was concluded with China. It was not, however, ratified, and in June, 1859--six months before I entered the Navy--hostilities were resumed, to terminate in the burning of the Summer Palace at Pekin, and the subsequent signing of a convention.
I was sent to sea for the somewhat vague reasons which so often determine a boy's future. There was a belief that I was of a delicate constitution, and an impression--perhaps justified--that I needed discipline. I was sent to Bayford School in England when I was very young, together with two of my three brothers. We were known as the three "wild Irish." Among my schoolfellows were the present Lord Rosebery, James Lowther, Lord Newport, Lord Claud Hamilton and Lord George Hamilton, Lord Worcester, and Lord Methuen. From Bayford I went to the educational establishment of the Rev. David Bruce Payne (afterwards Canon) at Deal, where I first saw the ships of the Royal Navy, as already related. Canon Payne was a splendid type of the best British clergyman, and I had a great respect and affection for him. I was afterwards a pupil of the Rev. Mr. Foster, of Stubbington, Fareham.