_Royal Personages_, when married, bear their own arms on a separate Shield; and a second Shield bears the arms of the husband and wife conjoined.
The circumstances of every case must exercise a considerable influence in determining the Marshalling of the Accessories of any Shield, Lozenge, or Group. As a general rule, however, the _Helm_ always rests on the chief of the Shield: Commoners, Knights, Baronets, and Peers place their _Crest_ upon the Helm: Peers and Princes place their _Helm_ upon the Coronet, and their Crest is placed upon the Helmet. The SOVEREIGN places the Crest upon the Royal Crown, which is a part of the Royal Crest, and it is unusual to duplicate the Crown by repeating it below the Helmet. The _Mantling_ is displayed from the back of the Helm: it is most effective when simple in its form and adjustment, and when it droops behind the Shield. The _Motto_ is usually placed below the Shield; but if it has special reference to the Crest, above the Crest. A Scottish motto always goes over the Crest. _Supporters_ are usually placed erect, as if in the act of really supporting the Shield: they ought to stand either on an appropriate ground, or on a Gothic basement to the entire Achievement. _Badges_, with all _Official_ and _Knightly Insignia_, and all other _Honourable Insignia_ of every kind, are rightly marshalled in an Achievement of Arms.
_Marks of Cadency are temporary or permanent-- The Label-- The Bordure-- The Bendlet, Barrulet, and Canton-- Change of Tincture-- Secondary Charges-- Single Small Charges-- Differences of Illegitimacy-- Cadency of Crests, Badges, &c.-- Modern Cadency._
"Merke ye wele theys questionys here, now folowying!" --BOKE OF ST. ALBANS, A.D. 1486.
Amongst his comrades in arms, or in the midst of a hostile array, the last object that a mediæval Knight would expect or desire to observe, on the morning of a battle or a joust, would be an exact counterpart of himself. Occasions, indeed, might sometimes arise, when it might be highly desirable that five or six counterfeit "Richmonds" should accompany one real one to "the field"; or, when a "wild boar of Ardennes" might prefer to encounter the hunters, having about him the choice of his own "boar's brood," garnished at all points exactly after his own fashion. These, however, are rare and strictly exceptional cases. And the Knight, to whom distinction was as the breath of his nostrils, as he closed his vizor trusted confidently to his heraldic insignia to distinguish him, while, in the fore-front of the fray, with sword and lance and axe he would strive manfully to distinguish himself. This implies that Heraldry, besides assigning to different families their own distinct insignia, should possess the faculty of distinguishing the several members, and also the various branches of the same family, the one from the other. A faculty such as this Heraldry does possess, in its marks of CADENCY.