[Footnote 444: Ranyard, _Knowledge_, vol. xvi., p. 190.]
[Footnote 445: Young, _The Sun_, p. 337, ed. 1897.]
[Footnote 446: H. Draper, _Quart. Journ. of Sc._, vol. i., p. 381; also _Phil. Mag._, vol. xvii., 1840, p. 222.]
[Footnote 447: Reproduced in Arago's _Popular Astronomy_, plate xii., vol. 1.]
[Footnote 448: _Report Brit. Ass._, 1859, p. 148.]
[Footnote 449: _Phil. Trans._, vol. clii., p. 407.]
[Footnote 450: _Researches in Solar Physics_, part i., p. 20.]
[Footnote 451: Both the phrase and the method were suggested by Faye, who estimated the average depth of the luminous sheath of spots at 2,160 miles. _Comptes Rendus_, t. lxi., p. 1082; t. xcvi., p. 356.]
[Footnote 452: _Month. Not._, vol. lv., p. 74.]
[Footnote 453: Sidgreaves, _Ibid._, p. 282; Cortie, _Ibid._, vol. lviii., p. 91.]
[Footnote 454: Explained by East as refraction-effects. _Jour. Brit. Astr. Ass._, vol. viii., p. 187.]
[Footnote 455: _Proc. Roy. Soc._, vol. xiv., p. 39.]
[Footnote 456: _Potsdam Publicationen_, No. 18; _Astr. Nach._, Nos. 3,000, 3,287.]
[Footnote 457: Faye, _Comptes Rendus_, t. cxi., p. 77; Bélopolsky, _Astr. Nach._, No. 2,991.]
[Footnote 458: _Ibid._, Nos. 3,275, 3,344.]
[Footnote 459: Lockyer, _Contributions to Solar Physics_, p. 70.]
[Footnote 461: _Proc. Roy. Soc._, vol. xv., p. 256.]
[Footnote 462: _Phil. Mag._, vol. xvi., p. 460.]
[Footnote 463: _Recherches sur la Rotation du Soleil_, p. 12.]
[Footnote 464: Hale, _Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xi., p. 814.]
[Footnote 465: _Jour. Brit. Astr. Ass._, vol. i., p. 177.]
[Footnote 466: _Comptes Rendus_, t. lxxv., p. 1664; _Revue Scientifique_, t. v., p. 359 (1883). Mr. Herbert Spencer had already (in _The Reader_, Feb. 25, 1865) put forward an opinion that spots were of the nature of "cyclonic clouds."]
[Footnote 467: _The Sun_, p. 174. For Faye's answer to the objection, see _Comptes Rendus_, t. xcv., p. 1310.]
[Footnote 468: A revised edition appeared in 1897.]
[Footnote 469: _Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xii., p. 832.]
[Footnote 470: _Proc. Roy. Soc._, No. 244.]
[Footnote 471: _Astr. Nach._, No. 3,146; _Astr. and Astrophysics_, vol. xii., pp. 419, 736.]
[Footnote 472: _Sirius_, Sept., 1893; _ibid._, vol. xxiii., p. 97; _Astrophy. Jour._, vol. i., p. 112 (Wilczynski), p. 178 (Keeler); vol. ii., p. 73 (Hale).]