Christianity is the largest religion in Botswana. However, the country is officially secular and allows freedom of religious practice.
Christianity arrived in Botswana in mid 1870s, with the arrival of European missionaries. The conversion process was quicker than neighboring southern African countries because regional hereditary tribal chiefs locally called Dikgosi converted to Christianity, which triggered the entire group they led to convert as well.
History
Before the arrival of Christianity, Animism was the prevailing belief system of the country.
The London Missionary Society sent the first Christian missionaries to Botswana in 1812. Other missionary groups were restricted by Motswana chiefs to avoid religious conflict. The missionaries were welcomed because the tribal chiefs believed they would help source guns to resist Afrikaner trekkers from south and to prevent other nations from taking power in the region. The BaNgwato and BaNgwaketse tribes were the first to wholly adopt Christianity in the 1890s and 1900s, and their respective chiefs banned several tribal practices that contradicted Christian teachings.
After the arrival of Christianity in Botswana, the missionaries established Bible schools and attempted to end old practices such as Bogwera (the tribe's traditional initiation ceremony into manhood) and Bojale (a girl's initiation ceremony into womanhood after she reached puberty), both of which were traditionally linked to the social acceptance of someone's readiness to marry as well the right to inherit property. These practices continued to exist in private, despite missionary efforts to end them. The Christian missionaries were politically involved as interpreters between the tribal chiefs and the colonial administrators.
After Botswana gained independence in 1966 from the colonial rule, senior Christian mission officials and priests served as the first Speaker of the National Assembly and as officials in the new government. In 1970s, its new leaders reviewed the Christian colonial curriculum in schools, and revised it in order to restore traditional values based on pre-Christian religious ideas, such as Kagisanyo and Botho, respectively harmony and humanism. Bogwera and Bojale were re-introduced. The new leaders also adopted a policy of religious tolerance and freedom, an approach towards religion that continues in Botswana in the 21st century. However, the school curriculum remains largely as before, with Christian terminology and ideologies.
Demographics
According to the country’s 2011 census, 79% of the population are members of Christian groups.
In 2006, a report published by the Botswana government said that: 63 percent of its citizens were Christians of various denominations, about 27 percent said their religion was "God", about 8 percent claimed to have no religion, 2 percent were adherents of the traditional indigenous religion Badimo, and all other religious groups (Buddhism, Hinduism (0.3%), Islam (0.4%), Judaism, and others) were less than 1 percent of Botswana's population in total.
Religions
Baháʼí Faith
As of 2001, there were approximately 700 members of the Baháʼí Faith in Botswana.
Christianity
Christianity is the majority religion in Botswana. According to the country’s 2011 census, 79% of the population are members of Christian groups. Christian churches in Botswana include the mainline churches created by missionaries, African-initiated churches created independently by Batswana, and Evangelical and Pentecostal churches.
Christian missionaries first arrived in Botswana in 1812, and Christianity was widely adopted during the colonial period of the Bechuanaland Protectorate.
Botswana recognises only Christian holidays as public holidays. The nationwide religious observations include Good Friday, Easter Monday, Ascension Day, and Christmas.
Hinduism
Hinduism is a minority religion practised by 0.3% of the population of Botswana. As of January 2016, there are five Hindu temples in Botswana, including the Sai Temple and ISKCON Temple in Gaborone.
Islam
Islam is a minority religion in Botswana. It came to the country through Muslim immigrants from South Asia, who settled in the area during the British colonial rule. According to the 2011 census, there are around 11,000 Muslims in Botswana, although it believed that this figure has since gone down.