[33] The melting point of oils may be determined in general according to the above procedure, taking into consideration the lower temperature required.
Illustrations of machinery and layouts of the plant of a modern soap-making establishment.
[Illustration: WRAPPING MACHINE (LAUNDRY SOAP)]
[Illustration: AUTOMATIC POWER CUTTING TABLE]
[Illustration: AUTOMATIC PRESS (LAUNDRY)]
[Illustration: FLUFFY SOAP POWDER EQUIPMENT]
[Illustration: PRESS (LETTERING ON 4 SIDES OF CAKE)]
[Illustration: GLYCERINE DISTILLING PLANT]
[Illustration: H-A FATTY ACID DISTILLING PLANT]
Tables marked * are taken from the German Year Book for Soap Industry.
The fundamental unit of the metric system is the meter (the unit of length). From this the units of mass (gram) and capacity (liter) are derived. All other units are the decimal sub-divisions or multiples of these. These three units are simply related, so that for all practical purposes the volume of one kilogram of water (one liter) is equal to one cubic decimeter.
============================================================ | Prefixes. Meaning. | Units. ________________________________________|___________________ | Milli- = one thousandth 1-1000 .001 | Centi- = one hundredth 1-100 .01 | Meter for length. Deci- = one tenth 1-10 .1 | Unit = one 1. | Gram for mass. Deka- = ten 10-1 10. | Hecto- = one hundred 100-1 100. | Liter for capacity. Kilo- = one thousand 1000-1 1000. | ============================================================
The metric terms are formed by combining the words "Meter," "Gram" and "Liter" with the six numerical prefixes.
10 deci-meters = 1 meter (about 40 inches) m
10 hecto-meters = 1 kilo-meter (about 5/8 mile) k m
10 milli-grams. m g = 1 centi-gram c g 10 centi-grams = 1 deci-gram d g 10 deci-grams = 1 gram (about 15 grains) g 10 grams = 1 deka-gram d k g 10 Deka-grams = 1 hecto-gram h g 10 hecto-grams = 1 kilo-gram (about 2 pounds) k g
10 milli-liters. m l = 1 centi-liter c l 10 centi-liters = 1 deci-liter d l 10 deci-liters = 1 liter (about 1 quart) l 10 liters = 1 deka-liter d k l 10 deka-liters = 1 hecto-liter (about a barrel) h l 10 hecto-liters = 1 kilo-liter k l
The square and cubic units are the squares and cubes of the linear units.