_To find the velocity in feet per minute_ necessary to discharge a given volume of water in a given time, multiply the number of cubic feet of water by 144 and divide the product by the area of the pipe in inches.
_To find the area of a required pipe_, the volume and velocity of water being given, multiply the number of cubic feet of water by 144 and divide the product by the velocity in feet per minute. The area being found, the diameter can be learned by using any table giving the "area of circles" and finding the nearest area, opposite to which will be found the diameter to correspond.
Physical and Chemical Constants of Fixed Oils and Fats.
(FROM LEWKOWITSCH AND OTHER AUTHORITIES.)
______________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | Specific |Specific | Melting- |Solidifying- | | gravity | gravity | point. | point. | | at 15°C. | at 100°C.| C. | C. | _______________________|____________|__________|_____________|_______________| | | | | | Linseed oil | 0.931-0.938| 0.880 | -16° to -26°| -16° | Hemp-seed oil | 0.925-0.931| | | -27° | Walnut oil | 0.925-0.926| 0.871 | | -27° | Poppy-seed oil | 0.924-0.927| 0.873 | | -18° | Sunflower oil | 0.924-0.926| 0.919 | | -17° | Fir-seed oil | 0.925-0.928| | | -27° to -30° | Maize oil | 0.921-0.926| | | -10° to -15° | Cotton-seed oil | 0.922-0.930| 0.867 | | 12° | Sesame oil | 0.923-0.924| 0.871 | | -5° | Rape-seed oil | 0.914-0.917| 0.863 | | -2° to -10° | Black mustard oil | 0.916-0.920| | | -17.5° | Croton oil | 0.942-0.955| | | -16° | Castor oil | 0.960-0.966| 0.910 | | -12° to -18° | Apricot-kernel oil | 0.915-0.919| | | -14° | Almond oil | | 0.915-0.920| | | -10° to -20° | Peanut (arachis) oil | 0.916-0.920| 0.867 | | -3° to -7° | Olive oil | 0.914-0.917| 0.862 | | 2° | Menhaden oil | 0.927-0.933| | | -4° | Cod-liver oil | 0.922-0.927| 0.874 | | 0° to -10° | Seal oil | 0.924-0.929| 0.873 | | 3° | Whale oil | 0.920-0.930| 0.872 | | -2° | Dolphin oil | 0.917-0.918| | | 5° to -3° | Porpoise oil | 0.926 | 0.871 | | -16° | Neat's-foot oil | 0.914-0.916| 0.861 | | 0° to 1.5° | Cotton-seed stearine | 0.919-0.923| 0.867 | 40° | 31° to 32.5° | Palm oil | 0.921-0.925| 0.856 | 27° to 42° | | Cacao butter | 0.950-0.952| 0.858 | 30° to 33° | 25° to 26° | Cocoa-nut oil | 0.925-0.926| 0.873 | 20° to 26° | 16° to 20° | Myrtle wax | 0.995 | 0.875 | 40° to 44° | 39° to 43° | Japan wax | 0.970-0.980| 0.875 | 51° to 54.5°| 46° | Lard | 0.931-0.938| 0.861 | 41° to 46° | 29° | Bone fat | 0.914-0.916| | 21° to 22° | 15° to 17° | Tallow | 0.943-0.952| 0.860 | 42° to 46° | 35° to 37° | Butter fat | 0.927-0.936| 0.866 | 29.5° to 33°| 19° to 20° | Oleomargarine | 0.924-0.930| 0.859 | | | Sperm oil | 0.875-0.884| 0.833 | | -25° | Bottle-nose oil | 0.879-0.880| 0.827 | | | Carnauba wax | 0.990-0.999| 0.842 | 84° to 85° | 80° to 81° | Wool-fat | 0.973 | 0.901 | 39° to 42° | 30° to 30.2° | Beeswax | 0.958-0.969| 0.822 | 62° to 64° | 60.5° to 62° | Spermaceti | 0.960 | 0.812 | 43.5° to 49°| 43.4° to 44.2°| Chinese wax | 0.970 | 0.810 | 80.5° to 81°| 80.5° to 81° | Tung (Chinese wood oil)| 0.936-0.942| | | below -17° | Soya-bean oil | 0.924-0.927| | | 8° to 15° | _______________________|____________|__________|_____________|_______________|