Maharaja Sir Kishen Pershad Bahadur Yamin us-Sultanat (1864 – 13 May 1940) was an Indian noble who served as Prime Minister of Hyderabad twice.
He was a childhood friend of the Nizam and was a staunch Nizam loyalist throughout his life. In 1892, Pershad became the Peshkar (deputy minister) of the state. Nine years later, Nizam Mahbub Ali Khan appointed him dewan (prime minister) of the state. During his first tenure as dewan, he was credited with increasing the state's revenue and helping victims of the Great Musi Flood of 1908. In 1926, he was reappointed as dewan. During this period, he passed the Mulki regulations, which favoured local citizens over British for administrative positions.
A proponent of the Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb (culture of the central plains of Northern India), Pershad also wrote Urdu and Persian poems which were influenced by Sufism. He was a patron of poetry, paintings and music. He had seven wives including both Hindus and Muslims.
Raja Kishen Pershad had built the Chitragupta Bhagwan Temple in Hyderabad.
Early life
Although Pershad was born in 1864, his exact date of birth is unrecorded. He claims to have origins from a Suryavanshi Mehra Khatri family. He claimed to have been "born two years before his highness [ Mir Osman Ali Khan ]". Pershad's ancestor, Rai Mull Chand, migrated from Delhi to Hyderabad with Asaf Jah I. His grandfather Narinder Pershad served as dewan and peshkar (deputy minister) during the reign of Mahbub Ali Khan.
In his youth, Pershad was disinherited by his grandfather Narinder Pershad in favour of his younger brother. Subsequently, he was patronised by Salar Jung I and was educated along with his sons in a western school. Pershad studied accountancy, medicine, religion, astrology and sufism. Besides these, he learned martial arts, Mughal etiquette and court grooming at his school. Pershad studied the Sanskrit language because of his Hindu faith and accountancy because he had the hereditary charge of the royal treasury.
Political career
In 1892, Pershad was appointed peshkar of Hyderabad, and dewan in 1902. During this ten-year period he played an insignificant role in the administration of the state. He became the military minister in the nizams cabinet. He also fulfilled his responsibilities as a peshkar, which included him constantly attending to the Nizam to help him complete the formalities of state.
In 1901, the Nizam appointed Pershad as dewan of Hyderabad and dismissed Viqar-ul-Umra. He was also conferred with the title "Yamin us Saltanat" (English: right hand of the realm) and his status was raised from that of a raja to a maharaja. In an attempt to improve the economic conditions of the state, he decreased the mansabdars (landowners) income. He also increased revenues from agriculture, railways, and customs. In 1908, a flood occurred in the state when the Musi River overflowed killing people and destroying property. In response, Pershad arranged for aid and made a personal donation to the victims. He paid salaries in advance and waived debts.
During Pershad's first tenure as the dewan of Hyderabad, the state's cash reserves quadrupled. Although British historians credit the finance minister Casson Walker, a Briton, for this achievement, Hyderabadi tradition gives credit to Pershad. He also maintained a friendly relationship with the British resident. After Nizam Mahbub Ali Khan's death in 1911, Osman Ali Khan ascended the throne. Under his reign, Pershad found it difficult to continue as the dewan and resigned in 1912.
In November 1926, he was reappointed to that position and continued until March 1937. During his second tenure, friction occurred between Pershad and Walker over political appointments. While Walker was in favour of appointing Britons to administrative positions, Pershad was in favour of appointing Mulkies (local citizens). Panic spread amongst the locals because of Walker's preference. They thought that no post, of even moderate or lesser importance, would be available to them. The clash between Pershad and Walker over this matter was continuous and all government departments were affected by it. Pershad passed the Mulki regulations according to which an "outsider" could not be appointed to any position if a suitably-qualified Mulki was available for the job; their educational qualifications were to be given more weight than their family background and retirement was fixed at fifty-five years of age.