C´, when it became contiguous to a consonant, through the fall of the unaccented vowel of the penult, was reduced to i: _cŏcĕre_ ＞ cǫire, _dīcĕre_ ＞ diire dire, _dīcĭtis_ ＞ ditz, _facĕre_ ＞ faire, _facĭmu(s)_ ＞ faim, _facĭtis_ ＞ faitz, _fēcĕram_ ＞ fẹira, _fēcĕrunt_ ＞ fẹiron, _gracĭlem_ ＞ graile. When it remained intervocalic, it was assibilated during the transition period (§ 55, C); in most of the Provençal territory it became dz, which during the literary period was simplified to z; but in some dialects of the south and the northwest it resulted in idz (later iz), an i-glide having developed before the consonant while it was still palatal: _aucĕllum_ ＞ auzęl, _jacēre_ ＞ iazẹr, _lĭcēre_ ＞ lezẹr, _lūcēre_ ＞ lüzẹr lüzir lüisir, _placēre_ ＞ plazẹr plaizẹr; _crŭcem_ ＞ crọz crọiz crọis (see §§ 63, 64), _dīcere_ ＞ dízer, _dīcit_ ＞ ditz dis, _dūcit_ ＞ dütz düs, _facit_ ＞ fatz fas, _jacet_ ＞ iatz ias iays, _pacem_ ＞ patz pas pais, _placet_ ＞ platz plas plais, _verācem_? ＞ verais, _vōcem_ ＞ vọtz vọiz.
1. _Aucel_, beside _auzel_, perhaps belongs to a dialect in which c´ was not voiced after au: cf. C, 1. See § 80, Bc´.
2. _Iasser_, beside _iazer_, seems to be due to _ias_ ＜ _jacet_ and _iassa_ ＜ _jaceat_.
4. In purely learned words, c´ ＞ ts: _acĭdum_ ＞ aci.
D, in a part of the west, remained unchanged; elsewhere, during the Vulgar Latin period, it opened into ð, which fell in the 11th century and earlier in parts of the north and east, and in the rest of the Provençal territory became z as early as the first part of the 12th century: _audīre_ ＞ auzir auir audir,[44] _audit_ ＞ au,[45] _cadit_ ＞ ca, _crudēlem_ ＞ cruzęl cruęl crudęl, _fīdat_ ＞ fia, ✱_gaudo_ ＞ gau, _hŏrrĭda_ ＞ ǫreza, _hŏrrĭdum_ ＞ ǫre, _laudo_ ＞ lau, _alauda_ ＞ lauzẹta laudẹta, _rīdat_ ＞ ria, _tradĕre_ ＞ trazir trair tradir, _vidēre_ ＞ vezẹr vẹr vedẹr, _vĭdet_ ＞ vẹ. When ð became contiguous to a following consonant (except final s), it changed to i: _divīdĕre_ ＞ divire,[46] _traditōrem_ ＞ traidọr (which, influenced by _traïr_, was pronounced traïdọr).[47]
1. _Crey_, beside _cre_ ＜ _crēdo_, follows _dei_ ＜ _dēbeo_, _vei_ ＜ _vĭdeo_. _Mercey_, beside _merce_ ＜ _mercēdem_, shows the influence of _grey_ ＜ _grĕgem_, _lei_ ＜ _lēgem_, and perhaps French _fei_ ＜ _fĭdem_. Cf. β, (3).