LITERATURE.--The chief recent books are: F. Chapman, _The Foraminifera_ (1902), and J.J. Lister, "The Foraminifera," in E.R. Lankester's _Treatise on Zoology_ (1903), in which full bibliographies will be found. For a final résumé of the long controversy on Eozoon, see George P. Merrill in _Report of the U.S. National Museum_ (1906), p. 635. Other classifications of the Foraminifera will be found by G.H. Theodor Eimer and C. Fickert in _Zeitschr. für wissenschaftliche Zoologie_, lxv. (1899), p. 599, and L. Rhumbler in _Archiv für Protistenkunde_, iii. (1903-1904); the account of the reproduction is based on the researches of J.J. Lister, summarized in the above-cited work, and of F. Schaudinn, in _Arbeiten des kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamts_, xix. (1903). We must also cite W.B. Carpenter, W.K. Parker and T. Rymer Jones, _Introduction to the Study of the Foraminifera_ (Ray Society) (1862); W.B. Carpenter, "Foraminifera," in _Ency. Brit._, 9th ed.; W.C. Williamson, _On the Recent Foraminifera of Great Britain_ (Ray Society), (1858); H.B. Brady, "The Foraminifera," in _Challenger Reports_, ix. (1884); A. Kemna, in _Ann. de la soc. royale zoologique et malacologique de Belgique_, xxxvii. (1902), p. 60; xxxix. (1904), p. 7.
_Appendix._--The XENOPHYOPHORIDAE are a small group of bottom-dwelling Sarcodina which show a certain resemblance to arenaceous Foraminifera, though observations in the living state show that the character of the pseudopodia is lacking. The multinucleate protoplasm is contained in branching tubes, aggregated into masses of definite form, bounded by a common wall of foreign bodies (sponge spicules, &c.) cemented into a membrane. The cytoplasm contains granules of BaSO4 and pellets of faecal matter. All that is known of reproduction is the resolution of the pellets into uninucleate cells. (F.E. Schultze, _Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition_, vol. xi., 1905, pt. i.) (M. Ha.)
FORBACH, a town of Germany in the imperial province of Alsace-Lorraine, on an affluent of the Rossel, and on the railway from Metz to Saarbrücken, 5½ m. S.W. of the latter. Pop. (1905) 8193. It has a Protestant and a Roman Catholic (Gothic) church, a synagogue and a Progymnasium. Its industries include the manufacture of tiles, pasteboard wares and gardening implements, while there are coal mines in the vicinity. After the battle on the neighbouring heights of Spicheren (6th of August 1870), in which the French under General Frossard were defeated by the Germans under General von Glümer, the town was occupied by the German troops, and at the conclusion of the war annexed to Germany. On the Schlossberg near the town are the ruins of the castle of the counts of Forbach, a branch of the counts of Saarbrücken.