2. _Exstĭnguĕre_ (+ ✱_exstĭngo_ ✱_exstĭngunt_) ＞ ✱_estĭngĕre_ ＞ estẹnher.
Pw ＞ upw ＞ up ＞ ub: _sapuĭsset_ ＞ saubẹs, _recĭpuit_ ＞ recẹup.
1. _Saupes_ apparently belongs to a dialect in which au prevented voicing. Cf. § 65, P, 3.
Sw seems to have been reduced early to s in _consuetūdĭnem_ ✱_costūmen_ ＞ costüm (costüma). _Cōnsŭo_ apparently became ✱_cōsio_, whence an infinitive ✱_cōsĕre_ or ✱_cosīre_ (Pr. cǫzer, cosir).
1. _Ba(t)tuo_, _qua(t)tuor_ were reduced to _batto_, ✱_quattor_ in Vulgar Latin: Pr. _bat_, _quatre_.
73. This class contains: 1st, combinations of consonant + y ＜ e̯ or i̯, cf. § 40, (2); 2d, consonant + g´ ＞ y (§ 55, G), the g´ having been in some cases always contiguous to the preceding consonant, in others originally separated from it by a vowel; 3d, consonant + g ＞ y, the g representing an original c or g between the last two vowels of a proparoxytone, cf. § 65, G, (3). It does not include dy and gy, which early became y: see § 65, Y. See § 63, (1). The groups will be considered in alphabetical order:--
Bry ＞ bry in _ebriācum_ ＞ ebriac (_iure_ is probably French).
βy was early reduced to y in _habeo_ _habeam_ etc. and _dēbeo_ _dēbeam_ etc., partly, no doubt, through the proclitic use of these words, partly under the influence of _audio_ ＞ ✱_auyo_ _audiam_ ＞ ✱_auya_ and _video_ ＞ ✱_veyo_ _vĭdeam_ ＞ ✱_veya_; this y, like any other medial y (§ 65, Y), became džy̆ or remained y: ai (for some reason there seems to have been no form ✱_ach_), aia; dẹi dẹch, dẹia. Aside from these words, βy ＞ udž and uy apparently in the north; elsewhere uy, by, vy--uy prevailing in the west, by and vy in the south and east. When the y became final, it changed to i, which, after a consonant, was syllabic. Ex.: _abbrĕviat_ ＞ abręuia, ✱_aggrĕviat_ ＞ agrẹuia, _allĕviat_ ＞ alęuia, _avĭŏ́lum_ ＞ aviǫl aiǫl, _cavĕa_ ＞ gabia cauia, _labia_ ＞ lavia-s, ✱_leviarius_ ＞ leugięrs, ✱_rabiam_ (= _rabiem_) ＞ rabia rauia,[67] ✱_rabiāre_ ＞ rabiar, _rabiōsus_ ＞ rabiọs rauiọs, _rŭbeum_ ＞ rọg rọi,[68] ✱_sabium_ ＞ savi sabi, _atavia_ ＞ tavia, _vidŭvium_ ＞ vezọig bedọi.[68] In purely learned words, Latin _bi_, _vi_, etc., are kept: _abiurament_, _fluvial_. _Brĕvio_ ＞ bręy: cf. § 65, β, 3.