[174] _minnthak_ was the name given by Hjorleif’s Irish thralls to the mixture of meal and butter which they compounded while on board ship on their way to Iceland. They said it was good for quenching thirst. Cf. _Landnámabók_, I., ch. 6.
[175] Cf. Whitley Stokes, _op. cit._, pp. 186, 191.
[176] _War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill_, p. 13.
Cf. also _Three Fragments of Annals_, p. 146: “In a battle fought between the Irish and the Norsemen the latter were driven to a small place surrounded by a wall. The druid Hona went up on the wall, and with his mouth open began to pray to the gods and to exercise his magic; he ordered the people to worship the gods…”
[177] Cf. _Thorfinssaga Karlsefnis_, ch. 3; _Vatnsdaela Saga_, ch. 10; _Tháttr af Nornagesti_, ch. 11; _Hrólfs Saga Kraka_, ch. 3; etc.
[178] _e.g._, C. Haliday: _The Scandinavian Kingdom of Dublin_, p. 12 ff. Margaret Stokes, _op. cit._, pp. 96-98.
[179] Cf. _War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill_, p. 8.
[180] The expression used is _quievit in Christo_ and occurs only in _MS. A_. As neither _MS. B_ nor any of the other annals mention Ivárr’s conversion it may be that the scribe of the former has unintentionally slipped into using a formula which was customary in recording the death of a Christian.
[191] _Three Fragments of Annals_, pp. 120-124.
[193] _Hýmiskvitha, pass._ Cf. W. S. Calverley: _The Ancient Crosses at Gosforth_, p. 168.
[194] P. M. C. Kermode: _Manx Crosses_, pp. 180-184.
[202] _Annals of Ulster_, A.D. 919. The same source in recording Gothfrith’s death (A.D. 933) speaks of him as “the most cruel of the Norsemen.”
[203] _Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_, _MS.D._, A.D. 925.
[205] _Annals of the Four Masters_, A.D. 979.
[207] _War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill_, p. 207.
[208] _Annals of the Four Masters_, A.D. 982.
[211] _Eyrbyggja Saga_, chs. 4 and 10; _Kjalnesinga Saga_, ch. 2; etc.
[212] Cf. _Anglo-Saxon Chronicle_, _MS.A._ Annal, A.D. 876, _Kjalnesinga Saga_, ch. 2; etc.
[214] _War of the Gaedhil with the Gaill_, pp. 196, 198.
[215] _Annals of Tigernach_, A.D. 1028, 1036.
[217] _The Whole Works of Sir James Ware Concerning Ireland_, Vol I., p. 301. (Ware quotes from the Black Book of Christchurch Cathedral, Dublin.)
Cf. J. MacCaffrey: _The Black Book of Limerick_. Introduction, chs. 5 and 7.