The Hacienda de Cocoyoc, now known as the Hotel Hacienda Cocoyoc, is a private hacienda resort located in the state of Morelos, México. In the 17th and 18th centuries it became one of the most important haciendas in the nation and has been declared a Historical Monument by the INAH.
History
Pre-Hispanic era
Located in the municipality of Yautepec, in the state of Morelos, San Jose Cocoyoc is now a former estate, which after 1960 was restored and adapted to house an extensive hacienda resort. The known history of San Jose Cocoyoc goes back to the times of the Nahua tribes and xochimilcas tlahuicas, occupied the valleys and Huaxtepec Cuauhnáhuac. According to Peter Gerhard, tlahuicas occupied the western part of the region (which extended to Malinalco) and its most important political center was Cuauhnáhuac. The xochimilcas were located in the center and in the eastern part. Yauhtpec formed states, Yacapixtlan, Tepuztlán, Ocuituco and Huaxtepec, the latter being the head of the other dependent. The tlahuicas and xochimilcas formed an agricultural society. They cultivated the fertile valley lands, raised turkeys and dogs escuintles and were engaged in hunting, fishing and gathering. The main food crops that were planted were corn, beans, various vegetables, fruits and grains, such as chili, pumpkin, squash, tomato, and cocoa. In hot areas the main crop was cotton.
His social and political organization was similar to that of other peoples of the Central Highlands. They were grouped in local states (tlatocayotl), which in turn depended on the political and administrative centers and Huaxtepec Cuauhnáhuac. The Mexica domination over the region began in the late 14th century, when Acamapichtli able to submit to the lordship of Cuauhnáhuac. Apparently Mexica lords felt the imperative to achieve mastery of this region to meet their expectations of having the cotton they needed to make their clothing, which was grown in this region. According to some sources, Mr. Mexica Huitzilihuitl, eager to have cotton grown in Morelos, asked for the hand of Miahuaxihuitl, daughter Ozomatzinteuctli (Tezcacohuatzin Itzcoatzin or, according to other sources), lord of Cuernavaca and Miyauaxiuitl, woman Toltec origin. To be denied recourse to war, achieving Cuauhnáhuac subject Mr. and marry his daughter. From this union was born llhuicamina Moctezuma, who years later in his capacity as Mexican emperor, he developed a great appreciation for the fertile lands of their ancestors.
Colonial era
When completing the conquest of Tenochtitlan in 1521, Cortés immediately showed a decided preference for the territory of the current state of Morelos. He founded the city of Cuernavaca, in the Indian village of Cuauhnáhuac, and established his residence in this city. Some years later, King Charles I of Spain would grant him immense dominion over property, under the name of Marquis del Valle, covering territories in the states of Oaxaca, Guerrero, Morelos and the Federal District itself. Knowing the demand that existed in Spain and in the rest of Europe, for refined sugar, Cortés introduced the cultivation of this plant, establishing a mill in the valley of Cuernavaca, which would be the second of its kind in New Spain. Soon discover that the land of this valley offered the best conditions for growing sugar cane and to the establishment of mills or mills, which required the existing streams abundant in this area. In the example of the Marqués del Valle, and under the land grants given by the king and the perpetual censuses granted by Hernán Cortés and his descendants, in the second half of the 16th century and early 17th centuries, emerged in this area countless mills or mills. With respect to San José Cocoyoc, the sources placed the formation of the mill and the farm in the early 17th century. In this sense that mention is made in these years was granted a perpetual census Isabel Ruiz and Francisco Bernal, for middle ground in Guajoyuca cavalry (who later would be attached to Cocoyoc).
