{ { Infobox legislature
| background_color = #900000
| name = Congress of Deputies
| native_name =
| transcription_name =
| legislature = 15th Congress of Deputies
| coa_pic = Coat of Arms of the Congress of Spain.svg
| coa_res = 180px
| coa-pic =
| coa-res =
| house_type = Lower house of the of the Kingdom of Spain
| body =
| foundation = 1834
| houses =
| leader1_type = President
| leader1 = Francina Armengol
| party1 = PSOE
| election1 = 17 August 2023
| leader2_type = First Vice President
| leader2 = Alfonso Rodríguez Gómez de Celis
| party2 = PSOE
| election2 = 3 December 2019
| leader3_type = Second Vice President
| leader3 = José Antonio Bermúdez de Castro
| party3 = PP
| election3 = 17 August 2023
| leader4_type = Third Vice President
| leader4 = Esther Gil de Reboleño Lastortres
| party4 = SMR
| election4 = 17 August 2023
| leader5_type = Fourth Vice President
| leader5 = Marta González Vázquez
| party5 = PP
| election5 = 17 August 2023
| members = 350
| structure1 = Congreso de los Diputados de la XV Legislatura de España.svg | structure1_res = 250px | structure2 = | structure2_res = | voting_system1 = Party-list proportional representation,D'Hondt method | last_election1 = 23 July 2023 | session_room = Conmemoración_del_40_Aniversario_de_la_Constitución_Española_05.jpg | session_res = | meeting_place = Madrid, Community of MadridKingdom of Spain | political_groups1 = Caretaker Government (152) PSOE (121) Sumar (31)
Supported by (18) ERC (7) EH Bildu (6) EAJ/PNV (5)
Opposition (180) PP (137) Vox (33) Junts (7) BNG (1) UPN (1) CCa (1) | political_groups2 = | committees1 = | joint_committees = | website = | rules = Standing Orders of the Congress of Deputies (English) | footnotes = }} The Congress of Deputies () is the lower house of the , Spain's legislative branch, the upper house being the Senate. The Congress meets in the Palace of the Parliament () in Madrid.
It has 350 members elected by constituencies (matching fifty Spanish provinces and two autonomous cities) by closed list proportional representation using the D'Hondt method. Deputies serve four-year terms. The presiding officer is the President of the Congress of Deputies, who is elected by the members thereof. It is the analogue to a speaker.
In the Congress, MPs from the political parties, or groups of parties, form parliamentary groups. Groups must be formed by at least 15 deputies, but a group can also be formed with only five deputies if the parties got at least 5% of the nationwide vote, or 15% of the votes in the constituencies in which they ran. The deputies belonging to parties who cannot create their own parliamentary group form the Mixed Group.
After the 2019 general election in April, the number of female deputies was up to 168 representing 48% of all members, making Spain the European country with the highest percentage of women in parliament, surpassing Sweden and Finland.
Constitutional position
House's nature
Composition
Section 68.1 of the Spanish Constitution establishes that the Congress of Deputies must be composed of among 300 deputies at least and 400 deputies at most. At present, the house has 350 deputies which is determined by the General Electoral Regime Organic Act, which was approved in 1985.
Electoral system
The Spanish Constitution establishes that the deputies are chosen by universal, free, equal, direct, and secret suffrage. The election is held every four years or earlier in case of snap election. The members of the Congress are elected by proportional representation with closed lists in each constituency.