[Footnote 367: Erdweg, _op. cit._ pp. 350 _sqq._]
[Footnote 368: Erdweg, _op. cit._ pp. 363 _sqq._]
[Footnote 369: Erdweg, _op. cit._ pp. 374.]
[Footnote 370: R. Parkinson, "Die Berlinhafen Section, ein Beitrag zur Ethnographie der Neu-Guinea-Küste," _Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie_, xiii. (1900) pp. 33-35. Father Erdweg speaks of the _parak_ as a spirit-temple or spirit-house in which the deities of the Tumleo dwell (_op. cit._ p. 377): he tells us that as a rule each village has only one _parak_. As to the spirits which dwell in these temples, see below, pp. 226 _sq._]
[Footnote 371: R. Parkinson, _op. cit._ pp. 35, 42 _sq._; Erdweg, _op. cit._ pp. 292 _sq._, 306.]
[Footnote 372: Erdweg, _op. cit._ pp. 284-287.]
[Footnote 373: Erdweg, _op. cit._ pp. 288-291.]
[Footnote 374: Erdweg, _op. cit._ pp. 297 _sq._]
[Footnote 375: Erdweg, _op. cit._ p. 291.]
[Footnote 376: Erdweg, _op. cit._ pp. 291-293.]
[Footnote 377: Erdweg, _op. cit._ pp. 298, 371.]
[Footnote 378: Erdweg, _op. cit._ pp. 295 _sqq._, 299 _sq._, 334 _sq._]
[Footnote 379: Erdweg, _op. cit._ pp. 295-297.]
[Footnote 380: P. Franz Vormann, "Dorf und Hausanlage beiden Monumbo, Deutsch-Neuguinea," _Anthropos_, iv. (1909) pp. 660 _sqq._; _id._, "Zur Psychologie, Religion, Soziologie und Geschichte der Monumbo-Papua, Deutsch-Neuguinea," _Anthropos_, v. (1910) pp. 407-409.]
[Footnote 381: P. Franz Vormann, in _Anthropos_, v. (1910) pp. 409 _sq._]
[Footnote 382: P. Franz Vormann, in _Anthropos_, v. (1910) pp. 410, 411.]
[Footnote 383: P. Franz Vormann, _ibid._, p. 412.]
[Footnote 384: B. Hagen, _Unter den Papua's_ (Wiesbaden, 1899), pp. 143, 221.]
[Footnote 385: For the evidence see B. Hagen, _op. cit._ pp. 193 _sqq._ As to barter he tells us (p. 216) that all articles in use at Bogadyim are imported, nothing is made on the spot.]
[Footnote 386: B. Hagen, _Unter den Papua's_ (Wiesbaden, 1899), pp. 264-266.]
[Footnote 387: B. Hagen, _op. cit._ pp. 258 _sq._]
[Footnote 388: B. Hagen, _op. cit._ pp. 270 _sq._ As to the period and details of the circumcision ceremonies see _id._, pp. 234-238.]
[Footnote 389: B. Hagen, _op. cit._ p. 260.]
[Footnote 390: N. von Miklucho-Maclay, "Ethnologische Bemerkungen über die Papuas der Maclay-Küste in Neu-Guinea," _Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indie_, xxxv. (1875) pp. 66-93; _id._, xxxvi. (1876) pp. 294-333.]