William Joseph Lennarz (May, 1934 – October 27, 2021) was a biochemist at Stony Brook University. He was born in May 1934 in New York City. Before Lennarz began his tenure at Stony Brook, he studied chemistry and organic chemistry. After working as a postdoctoral researcher at Harvard, he developed an interest in biochemistry. He has focused the majority of his research on biochemical processes in cells.
Early life and education
William J. Lennarz was a biochemist at Stony Brook University. Lennarz began his academic career at Penn State University as a chemical engineering major, but eventually changed his course of study to chemistry. After graduating from Penn State, Lennarz attended the University of Illinois to pursue a graduate degree in organic chemistry. While attending the University of Illinois, Lennarz researched the use of boronic acids as a potential cancer treatment. When a beam of neutrons is applied to boron, it is capable of emitting alpha particles that have the ability to kill cells. With this property in mind, Lennarz attempted to incorporate boronic acids into cancer cells to create a mechanism to selectively destroy tumor cells. While in graduate school, Lennarz developed an interest in biochemistry that lead him to pursue postdoc work under Konrad Bloch at Harvard. At Harvard, Lennarz worked on research pertaining to the biosynthesis of fatty acids in yeast. Through his work at Harvard, he was able to play a role in discovering acyl carrier protein, which is an enzyme in the fatty acid biosynthesis cycle. After leaving Harvard, Lennarz was employed at Johns Hopkins and the University of Texas Cancer Center before arriving at Stony Brook. Lennarz had over two hundred publications, roughly half of them coming after his arrival at Stony Brook in 1989. His lab focused mostly on studying glycoprotein synthesis.
Notable work
Early work
Before his tenure at Stony Brook, Lennarz was involved in some notable studies. Along with Luis Leloir, Robert Spiro, Edward Heath, Lennarz was able to determine the mechanism by which N-linked oligosaccharides are added to proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. Lennarz and his lab mates discovered that these sugars are transferred as a group, and are synthesized from a dolichol-linked oligosaccharide with a conserved structure. They found the precursor for these molecules had the structure (Man)nGlcNAcB1,4 →GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol, and each precursor had at least five mannose residues. Additionally, they discovered that precursor molecules contain one to two glucose molecules, which was a surprising find. Up until this point, all N-linked oligosaccharides that had been characterized lacked glucose molecules. This lead the group to postulate that the oligosaccharide component of the precursor was modified by glycosidase enzymes before the glycoprotein could be considered mature. This work was very important in laying the foundation for later research that described the mechanism for the complete assembly glycoproteins in the endoplasmic reticulum.