Chinese Taipei () competed in the 2006 Asian Games in Doha, Qatar, in November and December 2006. The Chinese Taipei team sent 399 athletes to the games, making Chinese Taipei the fourth largest delegation after China, Japan, and South Korea. Despite Taiwan's small size, Chinese Taipei is a second-rank Asian sports power, finishing tenth in gold medals and seventh in overall medals at the 2006 Asian Games, a slight drop from its performance in the 2002 Asian Games in Busan, South Korea.
Medals
Taiwan finishes tenth in the medal table and eighth in overall medals.
Archery
Men
Qualification Round
Team: Qualified as the second seed
Quarterfinals December 13: v. Kazakhstan - Win 223-214
Semifinals December 13: v. India - Win 220-210
Gold Medal Match December 13: v. South Korea - Loss 211-216
Won Silver Medal
Chen Szu Yuan: Qualified as the 10th seed
Round of 32 December 12: v. Tashi Peljor Win 102-91
Round of 16 December 12: v. Rahmat Sulistyawan Loss 102-102 (shoot-off 8–9)
Kuo Cheng Wei: Qualified as the fourth seed
Round of 32 December 12: v. Chan Kam Shing Win 102-88
Round of 16 December 12: v. Marvin Cordero Win 106-97
Quarterfinals December 12: v. Cheng Chu Sian Win 114-108
Semifinals December 12: v. Im Dong Hyun Loss 100-106
Bronze Medal Match December 12: v. Rahmat Sulistyawan Win 109-100
Women's
Qualification Round
Team: qualified as the fourth seed
Round of 16 December 13: v. Mongolia Win 202-166
Quarterfinals December 13: v. Indonesia Win 207-187
Semifinals December 13: v. South Korea Loss 196-211
Bronze Medal Match December 13: v. DPR Korea Win 208-206
Wu Hui Ju: Qualified as the 12th seed
Round of 32 December 11: Dorji Dema Win 103-95
Round of 16 December 11: Zhang Juanjuan Loss 101-109
Yuan Shi Chi: Qualified as the seventh seed
Round of 32 December 11: Urantungalag Bishindee Lost 103-107
Athletics
Men
Chang Chia Che
Marathon
Final December 10 - 2:23:50; 10th place
Chang Ming Huang
Shot Put
Final December 11–19.45 meters; Bronze Medal
Chao Chih Chien
Long Jump
Qualification December 8 - 7.39m; 9th place (failed to qualify for final)
Chen Chin Hsuan
400 Meters
First Round, Heat 3, December 8 - 47.92; 3rd place (did not advance)
Chen Fu Pin
800 Meters
Heats, Heat 1, December 9 - 1:54.66; 7th place (did not advance) 1500 Meters, Heats, Heat 1, December 8 - 3:49.85; 7th place (advanced to final) Final, December 10 - 3:52.72; 11th place
Chung Chen Kang
400 Meters
First Round, Heat 1, December 8 - 48.00; 5th place (did not advance)
Hsiao Szu Pin
Decathlon, December 10 and 11
Liu Yuan Kai
100 meters
Round 1 - Heat 3 December 8–10.68; 3rd place (advance to semifinals) Semifinal - Heat 1 December 9–10.57; 6th place (did not advance)
Wu Wen Chien
3000m Steeplechase
Final December 8–9:12.31; 8th place
Yi Wei Chen
200 meters
Round 1 - Heat 1 December 9–21.71; 5th place (did not advance)
400 Meter (4x100 Meter) Relay
Liu Chih Hung, Liu Yuan Kai, Yi Wei Chen, Tsai Meng Lin
Heats - Heat 1 December 11–39.93; 3rd place (advance to final) Final December 12–39.99; 4th place
1600 Meter (4x400 Meter) Relay
Chung Chen Kang, Chen Chin Hsuan, Yi Wei Chen, Chang Chi Sheng
Final December 12 - 3:12.03; 6th place
Women
Chuang Shu Chuan
100 Meters
Heats, Heat 3 December 8–11.95; 4th place (did not advance)
Lin Chia Ying
Shot Put, Final December 9–16.70m; Bronze Medal
Lin Yin Chun
100 Meters
Heats, Heat 1 December 8–12.11; 4th place (did not advance)
400 Meter (4x100 Meter) Relay
Lin Yi Chun, Chuang Shu Chuan, Chen Ying Ru, Yu Sheue An
Final December 12 - 45.86; Bronze Medal
Badminton
Women's
Singles
Pai Min Jie
Round of 32: December 5 v. Hwang Hye-youn - Loss (0-2) 8-21, 11-21
Cheng Shao-chieh
Round of 32: December 5 v. Li Li - Loss (1-2) 11–21, 21–18, 15-21
Doubles
Chien Yu Chin & Cheng Wen-Hsing
Round of 16 December 7 v. Kumiko Ogura & Reiko Shiota - Loss 0–2; 17–21, 19-21
Chou Chia Chi & Ku Pei Ting
Round of 32 December 6 v. Satoko Suetsuna & Miyuki Maeda - Loss 0–2; 18–21, 12-21
Team
The Taiwanese women were drawn with Japan and Korea for opening round group play.