Margaret Constance Simms (born 1946 in St. Louis, Missouri) is a 21st century American economist whose work focuses on the economic well being of African Americans.
She earned her BA in economics from Carleton College in 1967. She earned her MA (1969) and PhD (1974) from Stanford University.
Simms has done research and held leadership positions at institutions including the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies, and the Urban Institute, and has served as a policy advisor to the federal government.
She received the Samuel Z. Westerfield Award honoring the achievement of African-American economists in 2009, the second woman to do so.
Early life
Margaret C. Simms was born 1946 in St. Louis and spent the majority of her early life there, growing up with two significantly older brothers. Both of her parents were college-educated and many of her relatives were academics who worked for a variety of universities across the country. She attended a segregated school until 5th grade; her middle and high schools were integrated. In contrast to her brothers' high school experience, where a mostly Black teaching and counseling staff maintained high expectations for their students, Simms's high school employed a predominantly white faculty and staff who did not encourage students to pursue higher education and did not have high expectations for Black students.
Nevertheless, she attended Carleton College in Minnesota, a liberal institution with students who strongly supported the civil rights movement throughout her time there. Out of approximately 1,400 students, there were only 4 Black students her first year on campus. Around 40% of the students were women. Upon matriculation, Simms intended to major in chemistry or physics, influenced by her personal success in those subjects in high school and family partiality toward the sciences, but found these subjects difficult to relate to life and career after college and decided to explore other options. She found an interest in economics while taking courses to fulfill distribution requirements. In that department, all of her professors were white, and only one other economics major was Black. Some of her professors and 20% of her fellow economics majors were women; being a female economist was not controversial. Simms graduated with a BA in economics in 1967.
The summer after her junior year, Simms participated in the Foreign Affairs Scholars Program, an initiative to diversify the US Foreign Service; a majority of each cohort was Black. One of the program's offerings was a year of graduate school with fellowships, inducing Simms to apply for graduate school.
After graduation, Simms moved to California for a PhD in economics at Stanford University. When she arrived at Stanford, Simms the only African American student and one of few women; only one African-American had completed Stanford's economics PhD program and no woman had. Simms had no mentors within the department; while she did not encounter blatant obstacles, there was some consensus among her graduating cohort that the environment was not supportive. During her first year at Stanford, Martin Luther King was assassinated. This event and its consequential riots ultimately lead her to shift her focus to domestic issues and policies, despite her involvement with the State Department through the Foreign Affairs Scholar Program. She obtained her MA in 1969 and her PhD in 1974.
Career
Academia
Before she finished her PhD dissertation, Simms began teaching at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She then spent several years teaching at Atlanta University, a historically black college and university (renamed Clark-Atlanta University after it merged with Clark College.) Here, she found mentorship through the Caucus of Black Economists, (which became the National Economic Association). She also gained administrative experience as chair of the economics department. Simms was on the faculty of Atlanta University from 1972 to 1981, eventually working her way up to be the chair of the economics department. During that time, she took leave for a fellowship program from 1977 to 1978 and again for two years to conduct policy research at the Urban Institute.
Research
In 1977, she participated in the Brookings Institution's Economic Policy Fellows program, where she worked in the Office of Policy Development and Research at the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), returning to Atlanta University for a year. In 1979, she moved to Washington, DC to work at The Urban Institute.