From Du Simitière's _Thirteen Portraits_ (London, 1783). Cf. also _Heads of illustrious Americans_ (London, 1783). There is a portrait in the gallery of the Penna. Hist. Society. Scharf and Westcott's _Philadelphia_ (i. 274, 275) gives his likeness and a view of his house, and another picture of the house is in Brotherhead's _Signers_ (1861, p. 113). Cf. Lossing's _Field-Book_, ii. 267, and Potter's _Amer. Monthly_, vi. 172, 264, vii. 161.]
Adams also wrote an amplified statement of some of his views to John Penn, of North Carolina, which is given in John Taylor's _Inquiry into the principles and policy of the Government of the United States_ (1814), and in Adams's _Works_, iv. 203.
The vote of Congress of May 15, 1776, had called upon the several colonies to provide for independent governments, and Jameson (_Constitutional Conventions_, N. Y., 1867, p. 112, etc.) summarizes the actions of the several States.[714] New Hampshire was the first to act, and Belknap in his _New Hampshire_, and the histories of the other States, tell the story of their procedures. South Carolina was the next, but Virginia was the earliest to form such a constitution that it could last for many years. On June 12, 1776, she adopted her famous Declaration of Rights, drawn by Geo. Mason,[715] and June 29th perfected her constitution.[716] For New Jersey, see L. Q. C. Elmer's _Hist. of the Constitution adopted in 1776 and of the government under it_ (Newark, 1870, and in _N. J. Hist. Soc. Proc._, 2d ser., ii. 132), and the _Journal and votes and Proceedings of the Convention of New Jersey_ (Burlington, 1776). For the movements in Pennsylvania, see Reed's _Jos. Reed_, i. ch. 7; the _Proceedings relative to the calling of the Conventions of 1776 and 1790_ (Harrisburg, 1825); Anna H. Wharton's "Thomas Wharton, first governor of Pennsylvania", in the _Penna. Mag. of Hist._, v. 426, vi. 91; and the biographies of the members of the convention in the _Penna. Mag. of Hist._, iii. and iv. The statements of the loyalist Jones in his _New York during the Rev._ (p. 321) are controverted by Johnston in his _Observations_ (p. 41).
[Illustration: CHRISTOPHER MARSHALL'S DIARY.
A page from Christopher Marshall's diary, preserved in the Penna. Hist. Soc., giving his description of the public reading of the Declaration of Independence, in Philadelphia, on July 8th. Cf. _Extracts from the diary of Christopher Marshall kept in Philadelphia and Lancaster during the American Revolution, 1774-1781, edited by Wm. Duane_ (Albany, 1877). On this reading, see _Penna. Mag. of Hist._, viii. 352, and W. Sargent's _Loyal Verses of Stansbury and Odell_, p. 116.
