[Illustration: BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY
_Norma basalis_—Contour almost round. Whole base symmetrical, except as noted below; the middle structures appear shortened antero-posteriorly, slightly more on the left than on the right; basilo-vomeric angle rather acute (100°); foramina of the base all spacious; the petrobasilar suture is large (average diameter, 5 mm.) and is throughout pervious. Superior dental arch regular and of medium thickness. Dentition incomplete—right upper wisdom tooth not fully erupted; left lower wisdom tooth wanting entirely. Denture fine and regular; no teeth decayed. Both upper first incisors absent.[243] Teeth set regularly in socket and of medium size. Palatine arch symmetrical. Shape of palate normal. Posterior nasal foramina oblong. Styloids small, shell-like, flattened.
[243] Both these incisors were apparently lost at the same time, not from general lesion, and some years previous to the death of the individual, as the sockets appear exactly alike, bear no signs of violence, and are almost filled up with cancellous tissue (some religious or social rite?).
_Norma occipitalis_—The posterior part of the skull is somewhat flattened. The sides of the surface present a pentagonal outline with rounded corners, the apex corresponding to the sagittal suture, or obelion. There is a slight asymmetry, the right side being somewhat flattened. Exterior occipital protuberance not well marked.
_Norma verticalis_—Outline an irregular ovoid, wider posteriorly and more prominent on the left and posteriorly. Slight symmetrical depression of the parietals, beginning about 1 cm. and ending 5 or 6 cm. behind the coronal suture and extending laterally from the sagittal suture to the upper temporal ridge.
_Norma lateralis_—Outline ovoid, larger posteriorly. Pterions en H, of medium breadth. Temporal ridges not very distinct. Parietal bosses prominent.
Skull capacity, Broca’s method 1,545 Skull capacity, Flower’s method 1,490 Antero-posterior diameter, maximum 16.3 Lateral diameter, maximum 14.4 Cephalic index, 88.3=Brachycephalic.[244] Chin-bregma 21.2 Chin-ophryon 13.2 Alveolar point-ophryon 8.6 Bizygomatic breadth, maximum 13.0 Facial index 98.5 Superior facial index (Broca’s), 66.1=Mesoseme. Height of nose aperture 5.4 Breadth of nose aperture 2.65 Nasal index, 49.0=Mesorhine. Mean height of orbits 3.80 Mean breadth of orbits 3.95 Orbital index, 96.2=Megaseme. cc. Mean depth of orbits 4.6 Dacryon to dacryon 2.3 Frontal diameter, minimum 9.2 Frontal diameter, maximum (interstephanic) 11.4 Biauricular diameter[245] 12.3 Diameter through parietal bosses 14.3 Bimastoid diameter 10.55 Distance from superior alveolar arch to inferior occipital ridge 14.35 Distance between supramastoid eminences 13.9 Length of basilar process (notch of vomer to basion) 2.95 Basion-bregma height 13.45 Basion-obelion height ? (obelion indistinct.) Basion-ophryon 14.0 Basion-inion 8.1 Circumference, maximum 49.4 Nasion-ophryon arc 1.8 Nasion-bregma arc 12.3 Nasion-inion arc 30.0 Nasion-opisthion arc 35.5 Pterion-bregma arc 11.2 Arc external meatuses, over forehead 29.2 Arc external meatuses, over frontal bosses 30.4 Arc external meatuses, over bregma 34.0 Arc external meatuses, maximum 35.7 Arc external meatuses, over inion 23.6 Temporal ridges to sagittal suture (stephanions-bregma), (arc) mean 7.5 Lateral diameter of foramen magnum, maximum 2.75 Antero-posterior diameter of foramen magnum, maximum 3.60 Index of foramen magnum 76.4 Length of hard palate, maximum 4.6 Height of hard palate at first molars 1.55 Breadth of hard palate at first bicuspids 2.9 Breadth of hard palate at first molars 3.55 Breadth of hard palate at third molars 4.1 Height of posterior nares 3.1 Breadth of posterior nares 2.55 Index of posterior nares 82.2 Angle of mandibles 114° Length of mandibular rami 9.55 Bigoniac diameter of mandibles 9.85