(21) Why should the pronoun be ignored by the logician?
(22) Show the difference between thing and subject.
(23) Argue to the effect that no term can be non-connotative.
=1. TWO-FOLD FUNCTION OF CONNOTATIVE TERMS. (See page 52.)=
It has been indicated that a connotative term is one which possesses the double function of signifying a subject as well as an attribute. It may be observed here that an attribute of a notion is any mark, property or characteristic of that notion. Attribute, then, represents quality, relation or quantity. By a subject is meant anything which possesses attributes. Most subjects stand for objects and most attributes are qualities; consequently, for the sake of simplicity, we may use subject and object interchangeably; likewise, attribute and quality.
A connotative term, therefore, denotes an object at the same time it implies a quality. To illustrate: The symbol _man_ stands for the various individual men of the world, such as Lincoln, Washington, Alfred the Great, etc., or for certain qualities like rationality, power of speech and power of locomotion. The connotative term _teacher_ may be used to _denote_ Socrates, Pestalozzi, Thomas Arnold, or _connote_ such qualities as ability to instruct, sympathy, and scholarship. The term _planet_ stands for such objects as Venus, Earth, and Mars, and for such qualities as rotation upon axis, revolution about sun, and opaque or semi-opaque bodies. In each of the three illustrations the term is employed in the two-fold sense of denoting objects and of implying qualities.
This double function of connotative terms furnishes an important topic for the student of logic――the Extension and Intension of Terms. In short, some authorities claim that to master the extension and intension of terms is virtually to master the entire subject of logic. Though this position may be an exaggerated one, yet it tends to emphasize the importance of the topic.
_A term is used in extension when it is employed with reference to the objects for which the term stands._
When the term triangle is used to refer to the objects isosceles triangle, scalene triangle, right triangle, it is employed in extension.
_A term is used in intension when it is employed with reference to the attributes for which the term stands._