Nikolai Mikhailovich Kulakov () ( – 25 March 1976) was an officer of the Soviet Navy. He saw action in the Second World War and rose to the rank of vice-admiral, despite being demoted three times in his career.
Born in 1908, Kulakov initially began studying in Kiev for a career as a railway worker, before coming into contact with the navy through the local Komsomol. Joining the navy in 1932, he entered the political branch, serving as a military commissar on several vessels, before sitting on the Military Councils of the Northern and then the Black Sea Fleets. Serving on the Black Sea during the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Kulakov took part in planning the defences of the Black Sea ports, and when they were overwhelmed, the counterattacks. The heavy human cost of these brought the Military Council under investigation and Kulakov suffered his first demotion, from rear-admiral to captain 1st rank, and reassignment.
Returned to useful work and restored to his former rank by the Navy's commander in chief, Nikolay Kuznetsov, Kulakov repaid Kuznetsov by acting as his prosecutor in a trial on charges of giving away military secrets, and succeeded in having Kuznetsov demoted. Kulakov himself was demoted shortly afterwards for "unsatisfactory leadership of party political work", but once more returned to prominence and former rank with service with the Black Sea Fleet. Implicated in the loss of the battleship Novorossiisk in 1955, Kulakov was demoted for a third time and transferred to the Baltic Fleet. Here he rebuilt his career in the navy's political department once more, returning to the rank of vice-admiral and being awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. He retired in 1971 and died in 1976.
Early life
Kulakov was born on in Ivanovo, Kimovsky District, then part of Tula Governorate, in the Russian Empire. His father was a railway worker, and after graduating from school Nikolai Kulakov entered the Kiev school which trained workers for a locomotive repair plant. The plant's Komsomol sponsored ships of the Black Sea Fleet, and through this Kulakov became acquainted with the navy. He joined the Communist Party in 1927, was elected to the plant's party bureau and was then transferred to party work in Leningrad.
Kulakov joined the navy in August 1932 and studied at the , graduating in 1937. From July 1937 he was appointed military commissar of the Baltic Fleet submarines and then , followed by a posting as commissar in August 1938 to the battleship Marat. In June 1939 he became a member of the Military Council of the Northern Fleet. With tensions with Nazi Germany rising, and the German invasion of Norway in 1940, Kulakov was involved in the decision to transfer some of the Baltic Fleet's ships to the Northern Fleet for operations in the ice-free parts of the Barents Sea. In April 1940 Kulakov became a member of the Military Council of the Black Sea Fleet, and on 8 August 1940 was appointed a divisional commissioner.
Great Patriotic War
With the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Kulakov was involved in planning the defence of the Black Sea Fleet's ports, and in organising counterattacks by Soviet Naval Aviation and units of the Danube Flotilla. He oversaw the activities of the political bodies and party organizations of the Black Sea Fleet during this time. With the German advance to the Black Sea, Kulakov helped to organise the preparation of defences for Odessa, and when that city fell, those of Sevastopol. The German campaign through the Crimea forced the Soviet forces back and in 1942 Sevastopol also fell. Kulakov helped in the evacuation, and flew out of the city on the last military aircraft. On 13 December 1942 divisional commissioners like Kulakov were ranked as rear admirals, and he was sent to Gelendzhik to assist in preparing counterattacks.