[215] Thus, in the myth of Kephalos, his dog cannot, by a decree of fate, overtake the fox; but inasmuch as, on the other hand, no one also, by decree of fate, can escape from the dog of Kephalos, dog and fox are both, by the command of Zeus, changed into stone (the two auroras, or dying sun and dying moon).
[216] This work has, on the other hand, been already almost accomplished, as regards the Franco-Germanic part, in the erudite and interesting introduction (pp. 5-163) which Ch. Potvin has prefixed to his translation into verse of the _Roman du Renard_, Paris, Bohné; Bruxelles, Lacroix, 1861. I am told that Professor Schiefner read a discourse two years since at St Petersburg upon the story of the fox, but I do not know whether it has been published.
[217] Vṛikâya ćiǵ ǵasamânâya çaktam; _Ṛigv._ vii. 68, 8.--The grateful wolf and crow are found united to assist Ivan Tzarević in the twenty-fourth story of the second book of _Afanassieff_.
[219] Aruṇo mâ sakṛid vṛikaḥ pathâ yantam dadarça hi uǵ ǵihîte nićâyya; _Ṛigv._ i. 105, 18.
[220] Yâvayâ vṛikyaṁ vṛikaṁ yavaya stenam ûrmya; _Ṛigv._ x. 127, 6.--A wolf seen in a dream, according to Cardano, announces a robber.
[221] Yo naḥ pûshann agho vṛiko duḥçeva âdideçati apa sma tvam patho ǵahi--Paripanthinam mashîvâṇaṁ huraçćitam--Dvayâvinaḥ; _Ṛigv._ i. 42, 2-4.
[222] Svayaṁ ripus tanvaṁ rîrishîshṭa; _Ṛigv._ vi. 51, 6, 7.
[224] Te na âsno vṛikâṇâm âdityâso mumoćata; _Ṛigv._ viii. 56, 14.--Parshi dîne gabhîra âṅ ugraputre ǵighâṅsataḥ; _Ṛigv._ viii. 56, 11.
[225] Matsyaṁ na dîna udani kshiyantam; _Ṛigv._ x. 68, 8.
[226] iii. 45.--In the twenty-second night of the _Tuti-Name_, the wolf enters, on the contrary, into the house of the jackal; here wolf and jackal are already distinguished in it from one another,--that is, as red wolf and black wolf.
[229] Cfr. _Afanassieff_, vi. 51, v. 27, and v. 28.
[230] It is also said that the nurse of the Latin twins was a strumpet, because _lupæ_ or _lupanæ fœminæ_ were names given to such women, whence also the name of _lupanaria_ given to the houses to which they resorted: "Abscondunt spurcas hæc monumenta lupas." Olaus Magnus wrote, that wolves, attracted by smell, attack pregnant women, whence the custom that no pregnant woman should go out unless accompanied by an armed man. The ancients believed that the phallos of the wolf roasted and eaten weakened the Venus.