Let $M$ be an open $n$-manifold of nonnegative Ricci curvature and let $p\in M$. We show that if $(M,p)$ has escape rate less than some positive constant $\epsilon(n)$, that is, minimal representing geodesic loops of $\pi_1(M,p)$ escape from any bounded balls at a small linear rate with respect to their lengths, then $\pi_1(M,p)$ is virtually abelian. This generalizes the author's previous work, where the zero escape rate is considered.
Categories: math.DG