J. J. M. de Groot, _The Religious System of China_, v. (Leyden, 1907) p. 663.
F. S. Krauss, _Volksglaube und religiöser Brauch der Südslaven_ (Münster i. W., 1890), p. 33.
A. B. Ellis, _The Ewe-speaking Peoples of the Slave Coast_ (London, 1890), pp. 49 _sqq._ Compare _id._, _The Tshi-speaking Peoples of the Gold Coast_ (London, 1887), pp. 34 _sqq._; _Missions Catholiques_, ix. (1877) p. 71.
G. Maspero, _Histoire ancienne des peuples de l’Orient classique: les origines_ (Paris, 1895), pp. 121 _sq._
Merolla, “Voyage to Congo,” in Pinkerton’s _Voyages and Travels_, xvi. 236.
C. C. von der Decken, _Reisen in Ost-Afrika_ (Leipsic and Heidelberg, 1869-1871), i. 216. The writer does not describe the mode of appeasing the tree-spirit in the case mentioned. As to the Wanika beliefs, see above, p. 12.
Sir Harry Johnston, _The Uganda Protectorate_ (London, 1902), ii. 832.
J. B. L. Durand, _Voyage au Sénégal_ (Paris, 1802), p. 119.
S. J. Curtiss, _Primitive Semitic Religion To-day_ (Chicago, 1902), p. 94.
A. d’Orbigny, _Voyage dans l’Amérique Méridionale_ (Paris and Strasburg, 1839-1843), ii. 157, 159 _sq._
A. W. Nieuwenhuis, _In Centraal-Borneo_ (Leyden, 1900), i. 146.
H. H. Romilly, _From my Verandah in New Guinea_ (London, 1889), p. 86.
D. C. J. Ibbetson, _Outlines of Panjab Ethnography_ (Calcutta, 1883), p. 120.
W. von Schulenberg, “Volkskundliche Mittheilungen aus der Mark,” _Verhandlungen der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte_ (1896), p. 189. Compare A. Kuhn und W. Schwartz, _Nord-deutsche Sagen, Märchen und Gebräuche_, p. 407, § 142; E. Meier, _Deutsche Sagen, Sitten und Gebräuche aus Schwaben_, p. 463, § 208; A. Kuhn, _Sagen, Gebräuche und Märchen aus Westfalen_, ii. pp. 108 _sq._, §§ 326, 327, p. 116, §§ 356, 358; A. Birlinger, _Volksthümliches aus Schwaben_, i. pp. 464 _sq._, § 6; K. Bartsch, _Sagen, Märchen und Gebräuche aus Meklenburg_, ii. 228 _sq._; W. Kolbe, _Hessische Volks-Sitten und Gebräuche_, 2nd Ed., p. 29; R. Andree, _Braunschweiger Volkskunde_ (Brunswick, 1896), p. 234; R. Wuttke, Sächsische Volkskunde 2nd Ed., (Dresden, 1901), p. 370. The custom has been discussed by U. Jahn, _Die deutschen Opfergebräuche bei Ackerbau und Viehzucht_ (Breslau, 1884), pp. 214-220. He comes to the conclusion, which I cannot but regard as erroneous, that the custom was in origin a rational precaution to keep the caterpillars from the trees. Compare the marriage of trees, below, pp. 24 _sqq._