G. Pitrè, _Spettacoli e feste popolari_ (Palermo, 1881), p. 221; _id._, _Usi e costumi, credenze e pregiudizi del popolo siciliano_, iii. (Palermo, 1889) p. 111; G. Vuillier, “Chez les magiciens et les sorciers de la Corrèze,” _Tour du monde_, N.S. v. (1899) p. 512.
M. Tchéraz, “Notes sur la mythologie Arménienne,” _Transactions of the Ninth International Congress of Orientalists_ (London, 1893), ii. 827. Compare M. Abeghian, _Der armenische Volksglaube_ (Leipsic, 1899), p. 60.
G. Finamore, _Credenze, usi, e costumi abruzzesi_ (Palermo, 1890), pp. 162 _sq._
Georgeakis et Pineau, _Folk-lore de Lesbos_ (Paris, 1894), p. 354.
Boecler-Kreutzwald, _Der Ehsten abergläubische Gebräuche, Weisen und Gewohnheiten_ (St. Petersburg, 1854), p. 134.
M. J. van Baarda, “Fabelen, Verhalen, en Overleveringen der Galelareezen,” _Bijdragen tot de Taal- Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indië_, xlv. (1895) p. 511.
A. G. Vorderman, “Planten-animisme op Java,” _Teysmannia_, No. 2, 1896, pp. 59 _sq._; _Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie_, ix. (1896) p. 175.
A. G. Vorderman, _op. cit._ p. 60; _Internationales Archiv für Ethnographie_, ix. (1896) p. 176.
A. de Humboldt, _Voyage aux régions équinoxiales du Nouveau Continent_, ii. (Paris, 1819) pp. 369 _sq._, 429 _sq._
Elsdon Best, “Maori Nomenclature,” _Journal of the Anthropological Institute_, xxxii. (1902) p. 197.
Herodotus, i. 193; Theophrastus, _Historia plantarum_, ii. 8. 4; Pliny, _Nat. Hist._ xiii. 31, 34 _sq._ In this passage Pliny states that naturalists distinguished the sexes of all trees and plants. On Assyrian monuments a winged figure is often represented holding an object which looks like a pine-cone to a palm-tree. The scene has been ingeniously and with great probability explained by Professor E. B. Tylor as the artificial fertilisation of the date-palm by means of the male inflorescence. See his paper in _Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology_, xii. (1890) pp. 383-393. On the artificial fertilisation of the date-palm, see C. Ritter, _Vergleichende Erdkunde von Arabien_ (Berlin, 1847), ii. 811, 827 _sq._
D. Chwolsohn, _Die Ssabier und der Ssabismus_ (St. Petersburg, 1856), ii. 36, 251. Mohammed forbade the artificial fertilisation of the palm, probably because of the superstitions attaching to the ceremony. But he had to acknowledge his mistake. See D. S. Margoliouth, _Mohammed and the Rise of Islam_, p. 230 (a passage pointed out to me by Dr. A. W. Verrall).